ABO blood group antibody Inhibition the SARS Corona virus
interaction with ACE2 host receptors cells as a potential for treatment
and vaccine development against COVID-19
Susceptibility of peoples by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has influenced by
various factors. In recently, age and gender was considered as a risk
factor for susceptibility of COVID-19. Elderly peoples, male and
patients with pre-exiting severe diseases are reported as vulnerable
group by COVID-19.1,26 ABO blood group genetic factors
shown significant effect on the peoples susceptibility by
COVID-19.12 From the previous study, the association
of ABO blood group and susceptibility to the Hepatitis B Hepatitis C,
HIV and SARS-CoV-1 viruses were reported.27,28 The ABO
blood types that discovered by KarlĀ Landsteiner are determined based on
the carbohydrate epitopes which presents on the surface of the human
erythrocytes.12 Studies reported form USA and in
recently from China, Wuhan from the 4 main blood groups A, B, AB and O,
group O is the most common one.12,29 In 2003 SARS
CoV-1 outbreak, the O blood group individuals were shown to have very
low infections as compared to non-O individuals. This is due the ABO
gene effect on the virus protection.28 Surprisingly in
the same fashion, the recent study in China, Wuhan revealed that the
People with blood group A have a significantly higher risk for acquiring
COVID-19 compared with non-A blood groups, whereas blood group O has a
significantly lower risk for the infection compared with non-O blood
groups.12 The major reason was due to the secret
potential natural antibody found in the blood group O individuals could
block the virus spiked protein interaction with the host
angiotensin-converting enzyme at the entry gate.13Moreover, blood group O has shown less risk of infection with Hepatitis
B and HIV virus whereas group A are more prone to get Hepatitis B and
HIV virus. This might be the blood group O has the natural immune
potential in in protecting against blood-transmitted infection. Further
genetic based detail studies are needed.27
Table 1 . ABO blood group antigen in blood cells and antibody in
plasma compatibility