3.2 Outcomes
Overall, 7,945 children consumed healthcare resources afterwards (3,469
children that received baloxavir and 4,476 that received an NAI). As
compared with NAI use (Table 2), baloxavir use was not associated with
increased risk of more healthcare utilization in either unadjusted (odds
ratio: 1.002; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.999–1.005; P =
.24) or risk-adjusted (aOR: 1.002; 95% CI: 0.999–1.005; P = .16
) analysis. All comorbidities were small but steadily related to
increased risk of medical resource use following antiviral treatment. We
found one recorded death in a child with complex medical conditions who
was treated with oseltamivir.
As for six secondary outcomes, baloxavir use was again not associated
with a high likelihood of more healthcare utilization (Table 2 and
Supplemental Materials). In subgroup analyses, baloxavir use was
associated with higher medical resource use than oseltamivir (aOR:
1.011; 95% CI: 1.007–1.015; P <. 001) and with lower
medical resource use than zanamivir (aOR: 0.995; 95% CI 0.991–0.999;P = .039).