References
1. Wolfle U, Seelinger G, Schempp CM. Topical application of St. John’s
wort (Hypericum perforatum). Planta Med 2014; 80(2-3): 109–120.
2. Arsic I, Zugic A, Tadic V, Tasic-Kostov M, et al. Estimation of
dermatological application of creams with St. John’s Wort oil extracts.
Molecules 2011; 17(1) :275–294.
3. Meinke MC, Schanzer S, Haag SF, Casetti F, et al. In vivo
photoprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of hyperforin is associated
with high antioxidant activity in vitro and ex vivo. Eur J Pharm
Biopharm 2012; 81: 346-350.
4. Arndt S, Haag SF, Kleemann A, Lademann J, et al. Radical protection
in the visible and infrared by a hyperforin-rich cream – in vivo versus
ex vivo methods. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22: 354-357.
5. Ozel L, Unal A, Unal E, Kara M, et al. Granulomatous mastitis: is it
an autoimmune disease? Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Surg Today
2012; 42(8): 729–733.
6. Wang J, Zhang Y, Lu X, Xi C, et al. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis
with skin rupture: A retrospective cohort study of 200 patients who
underwent surgical and nonsurgical treatment. J Invest Surg 2019; 1–6.
7. Thomas VM, Alexander SA, Bindal P, Vredenburgh J. Idiopathic
granulomatous mastitis-A Mmystery yet to be unraveled: A case series and
review of literature. Cureus 2020; 12(2): e6895.
8. Mehta BH, Amladi ST. Evaluation of topical 0.1% tazarotene cream in
the treatment of palmoplantar psoriasis: an observer-blinded randomized
controlled study. Indian J Dermatol 2011; 56(1): 40–43.
9. Li J. Diagnosis and treatment of 75 patients with idiopathic lobular
granulomatous mastitis. J Invest Surg 2019; 32(5): 414–420.
10. Hoffmann J, Gendrisch F, Schempp CM, Wolfle U. New herbal
biomedicines for the topical treatment of dermatological disorders.
Biomedicines. 2020; 8(2): 27.
11. Seyhan N. Evaluation of the healing effects of hypericum perforatum
and curcumin on burn wounds in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
2020; 2020: 6462956.
12. Whitehead AJ, Nelson NW, Brame LS, Champlin FR. Endemic North
American plants as potentially suitable agents for wound cleaning under
resource scarce conditions. Wilderness Environ Med 2019; 30(4):
401–406.
13. Egri O, Erdemir N. Production of Hypericum perforatum oil-loaded
membranes for wound dressing material and in vitro tests. Artif Cells
Nanomed Biotechnol 2019; 47(1): 1404–1415.
14. Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. St John’s wort (Hypericum
perforatum L.): A review of its chemistry, pharmacology and clinical
properties. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001; 53(5): 583–600.
15. Menichini G, Alfano C, Marrelli M, Toniolo C, et al. Hypericum
perforatum L. subsp. perforatum induces inhibition of free radicals and
enhanced phototoxicity in human melanoma cells under ultraviolet light.
Cell Prolif 2013; 46(2): 193–202.
16. Mansouri P, Mirafzal S, Najafizadeh P, Safaei-Naraghi Z, et al. The
impact of topical Saint John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) treatment on
tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in plaque-type psoriasis: A
pilot study. J Postgrad Med 2017; 63(4): 215–220.
17. Yadollah-Damavandi S, Chavoshi-Nejad M, Jangholi E, Nekouyian N, et
al. Topical hypericum perforatum improves tissue regeneration in
full-thickness excisional wounds in diabetic rat model. Evid Based
Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015: 245328.
18. Wills RBH, Bone K, Morgan M. Herbal products: active constituents,
modes of action and quality control. Nutrition Res Rev 2000; 13(1):
47–77.
19. Butterweck V. Mechanism of action of St John’s wort in depression:
what is known? CNS Drugs 2003; 17(8): 539-562.
20. Milosevic T, Solujic S, Sukdolak S. In vitro study of ethanolic
extract of Hypericum perforatum L. on growth and sporulation of some
bacteria and fungi. Turk J Biol 2007; 31(4): 237-241.
21. Ozturk N, Korkmaz S, Ozturk Y. Wound-healing activity of St. John’s
Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) on chicken embryonic fibroblasts. J
Ethnopharmacol 2007; 111: 33-39.
22. Suntar IP, Akkol EK, Yılmazer D, Baykal T, et al. Investigations on
the in vivo wound healing potential of Hypericum perforatum L. J
Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127: 468–477.
23. Klemow KM, Bartlow A, Crawford J, et al. Medical attributes of St.
John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) In: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S,
Editors. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd
edition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; Chapter 11, 2011.
24. Henderson L, Yue QY, Bergquist C, Gerden B, et al. St John’s wort
(Hypericum perforatum): drug interactions and clinical outcomes. Br J
Clin Pharmacol 2002; 54(4): 349–356.
25. Zhou S, Chan E, Pan SQ, Huang M, et al. Pharmacokinetic interactions
of drugs with St John’s wort. J Psychopharmacol 2004; 18(2): 262–276.
Table 1. Distribution of the lesions according to the degree of
severity.