Beta Diversity
To measure species turnover and rewiring in our seasonal networks, we quantified the β -diversity across Fall and Spring. We adopted aβ -diversity metric, βWN, proposed by Poisot et al. (2012), which measured the interaction turnover between two networks, with 0≤βWN ≤1. This metric can be represented by the following equation:
\(\beta_{\text{WN}}=\frac{a+b+c}{(2a+b+c)/2}-1\),
where \(a\) was the number of interactions shared between networks (Fall and Spring), and \(b\) and \(c\) were the number of interactions unique to each network, respectively. Hence, larger values ofβWN indicated a greater difference between the two networks. We further isolated the effects of species turnover,βST , and rewiring, βRW , from βWN using the equationβWN =βST +βRW .