Beta-diversity
The topological changes across seasons were also very apparent when
quantifying topological change using β -diversity metrics (see
Table 2). Specifically, at a threshold of 0.5, interaction turnover wasβRW =0.56, and increased with increased threshold
values. In other words, there was a relatively large difference in the
topology of the Fall and Spring networks. Moreover, the average
interaction turnover across all thresholds was even larger;\({\overset{\overline{}}{\beta}}_{\text{WN}}=0.60\). These seasonal
topological changes were largely driven by interaction rewiring
(βRW ) rather than species turnover
(βST ). In particular, at a threshold of 0.5, we
found that \(\beta_{\text{RW}}/\beta_{\text{WN}}\approx 84\%\) whereas\(\beta_{\text{ST}}/\beta_{\text{WN}}\approx 16\%\). This indicates
that 84% of interaction turnover was due to rewiring and 16% was due
to species turnover. This effect of rewiring was even more dominant when
averaging across all thresholds,\({\overset{\overline{}}{\beta}}_{\text{RW}}/{\overset{\overline{}}{\beta}}_{\text{WN}}\approx 87\%\),
as compared to species turnover\({\overset{\overline{}}{\beta}}_{\text{ST}}/{\overset{\overline{}}{\beta}}_{\text{WN}}\approx 13\%\).