Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the CAES Research Ethics Review Committee at the University of South Africa (UNISA) on 10/02/2015 with Ref #: 2015/02/004, name of applicant: Mr GH Shoddo, student #:53342852. Decision: Ethics Approval, Supervisor: Prof Teshome Soromessa Aurgessa, Qualification: Postgraduate degree.
Consent for publication: “Not applicable”.
Availability of data and materials: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (see literature cited).
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Reference
Becker CD Ghimire K 2003: Synergy between traditional ecological knowledge and conservation science support forest preservation in Ecuador. Retrieve from http://www.consecol.org/vol18/isi1/art1/
Berkes, F.; Colding, J.; Folke, C 2000. Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management. Ecol. Appl. 2000, 10, 1251–1262
Bürgi, F.; Gimmi, U.; Stuber, M 2013. Assessing traditional knowledge on forest uses to understand forest ecosystem dynamics. For. Ecol. Manag. 2013, 289, 115–122.
Central Statistical Agency 2007: population and housing census of Ethiopia . Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Cotula L, Vermeulen S, Leonard R, & Keeley J 2009: Land Grab or Development Opportunity? Agricultural Investment and International Land Deals in Africa. IIED, 2009.
Cristancho S & Vining J 2004: Reciprocity as Principled Argument: The Ethics of Human-Nature Interactions for the Letuama. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental science.
Deininger K & Byerlee D 2010: Rising global interest in farmland: Can it yield sustainable and equitable benefits? Washington: World Bank.
Desalegn Fufa 2013: Indigenous Knowledge of Oromo on Conservation of Forests and its Implications to Curriculum Development: the Case of the Guji Oromo
Dessalegn Rahmato (2001), Environmental change and state policy in Ethiopia: lesson from past experience, FSS monograph series, no. 2 Addis Ababa: Forum for Social Studies
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) (2007). Forest development, conservation and utilization proclamation no. 542/2007. Negarit Gazetta No 56. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 1-14.
Gadgil M, Berkes F 1991. Traditional resource management systems. Resource Management and Optimization 18: 127-141
Gadgil M, F Berkes and C Folke 1993. Indigenous Knowledge for biodiversity conservation .Ambio 22:151-6
Gadgil, M. 1985. ‘Social Restraints on Resource Utilization: The Indian Experience’. In J.A. McNeely and D. Pitt, eds., Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning, Croom Helm, Dublin
GRAIN 2008: Seized! The 2008 land grab for food and financial security. GRAIN Briefing October 2008.
Gupta, H.K. 2005. Conservation and traditional knowledge systems: a case study of sacred forest groves of Himachal Himalays, India. Paper presented at USEFI and IIHS workshop on Conserving Hill and Mountain Ecology, Shimla, August 24-26, 2005.
Gupta, H.K. 2006. Joint Forest Management: Policy, Participation and Practices in India. International Book Distributors, Dehradun, India. 400 pp ICSU, 2002. Traditional Knowledge and Sustainable development.ICSU Series on Science for Sustainable Development No.4 International Council for Science, Paris.24 p. Available from:http//www.icsu.org/.
Ib Frus 1982: Studies in the flora and vegetation of southwest Ethiopia. Institute of systematic botany university of Copenhagen K Denmark.
Martinez Cobo J1986/7: Study of the problem of discrimination against indigenous populations. UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1986/7 and Add. 1-4 Available viahttp://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/spdaip.html.
Menzies, CR, & Butler, C 2006: Understanding ecological knowledge. In C. R. Menzies (Ed.), Traditional ecological knowledge and Natural Resource Management Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Michel H & Gayton DV 2002: Linking Indigenous peoples’ knowledge and Western science in natural resource management: A dialogue. B.C. Journal of Ecosystems and Management, 2(2), 1-12.
Michel H & Gayton DV 2002: Linking Indigenous Peoples’ Knowledge and Western Science in natural resource management: A Dialogue. B.C. Journal of Ecosystems and Management, 2(2), 1-12.
Mumma, A. (1999), ‘Legal Aspects of Cultural Landscapes Protection in Africa’. in: M. Rossler and G. Saouma-Forero (eds.), The World Heritage Convention and Cultural Landscapes in Africa, Expert Meeting - Tiwi, Kenya, 9-14 March 1999. UNESCO
Nouria Bricki, Judith Green 2002: A Guide to Using Qualitative Research Methodology. 2002 MSF Field Research.
Parrotta, J.A. 2000. Catalysing natural forest restoration on degrades tropical landscapes. Pages 45-54 in S. Elliot, J. Kerby, D. Blakesley,K. Hardwick, K. Woods and V. Anusarnsunthorn, editors. Forest restoration for wildlife conservation. International Tropical Timber Organization and the Forest Restoration Research Unit, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Parrotta, J.A., Agnoletti, M., 2007. Traditional Knowledge, Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Forest Management. Forest Ecology and Management 249, 1–139.
Parrotta, J.A., Agnoletti, M., Johann, E. (Eds.), 2006. Cultural heritage and sustainable forest management: the role of traditional knowledge. Proceedings of an International Conference held in Florence, Italy, June 8–11, 2006. Warsaw, Poland: Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, Liaison Unit Warsaw, Vol. 2. Available from: http://www.iufro.org/ science/task-forces/traditional-forest-knowledge/
Parrotta, JA & Trosper, RL. 2012. Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge: Sustaining Communities, Ecosystems and Biocultural Diversity. U.S. Forest Service Research and Development Branch and Aerican Indian Studies The University of Arizona.
Ramakrishna, P.S 2007. Traditional forest knowledge and sustainable forestry: A north-east India perspective. For. Ecol. Manag. 2007, 249, 91–99.
Tengeza A, 2000, Traditional and Cultural Control of Indigenous Forest Resources: Kaya Rabai By-laws. Internal NMK/CFCU Note