Discussion
The results of our longitudinal analyses in 631 children from the city of Leipzig, Germany, show that early life residence in places with many trees and allergenic trees specifically, was consistently associated with increased prevalence of AR up to 15 years and, to a lesser extent, also with increased prevalence of allergic sensitization to aeroallergens. Associations with asthma and sensitization to food allergens were inconsistent. Associations with greenness, as measured by NDVI, were either inconclusive (for asthma) or mostly non-significant (for other outcomes). Effect estimates for trees and allergenic trees and AR tended to be stronger in high NO2 and low ozone settings.