Wing color pattern evolution
Although the overall signature of evolution suggests constant phenotypic evolutionary rates, for both mean and mode, we identified two jumps in evolutionary rate in the red channel Cell 1 in the red Preponaclade; the first one at the base of the red Prepona clade and the second along the branch leading to Prepona hewitsonius (Table 3, Figure 2, Figure S4-S5). The blue channel in Cell 2 showed between 1 and 3 jumps (mean and mode, respectively; Posterior Probability > 0.5). These jumps are located at the base of the P. hewitsonius +P. amydon clade, at the branch leading to P. hewitsonius (mean and mode), and at the tip leading to P. philipponi (W) (Figure 2, Figure S4-S5). There was discrepancy between mean and mode in only one case, the mode identified a jump in the total channel in Cell 1 (Table 3, Figure 2, Figure S4-S5) located at the base of the red Prepona clade.
Diversification dynamics estimation
The RPANDA analyses identified the time dependent model with constant speciation and no extinction, and with exponentially varying speciation, as the best models (Table 1). The first model suggests speciation rate to be 0.12 species per Ma. In the second model, which has support similar to the constant diversification model, speciation increases through time from 0.05 at 32 Ma to 0.15 species per Ma in the present. However, we give more support to the former model because it has fewer parameters. Models assuming linearly varying speciation and extinction did not converge, consequently we do not show the results here. Most other complementary diversification analyses agree with the constant diversification rate model, except MEDUSA (Appendix).