Restriction to Dispersal Restriction to Dispersal Restriction to Dispersal
Code Hypotheses Distance Panama Andes
Ho1 Null na na na
There is no restriction to dispersal.
Ho2 Restriction to dispersal by distance x na na
Geographical events do not have any influence on the ancestral range reconstruction. Dispersal is only restricted by geographic distance.
Ho3 Restriction to dispersal - Panama na x na
The gradual closing of the Panama Isthmus is the only geographical event that influenced Preponini dispersal.
Ho4 Restriction to dispersal - Andes na na x
The gradual uplift of the Andes mountain range is the only geographical event that influenced Preponini dispersal. The Andes uplift generated a reconfiguration of the Amazonian lowland landscape by aiding the formation of the Pebas system and subsequently the Acre system.
Ho5 Restriction to dispersal - Distance + Andes x na x
Preponini dispersal was influenced by a combination of geographic distance and the uplift of the Andes mountain range.
Ho6 Restriction to dispersal - Distance + Panama x x na
Preponini dispersal was influenced by a combination of geographic distance and the closing of the Panama Isthmus.
Ho7 Restriction to dispersal - Panama + Andes na x x
Preponini dispersal was influenced by a combination of both the closing of the Panama Isthmus and the uplift of the Andes mountain range.
Ho8 Restriction to dispersal - Distance + Andes + Panama x x x
Preponini dispersal was influenced by a combination of geographic distance, the closing of the Panama Isthmus and the uplift of the Andes mountain range.