Wing color pattern evolution
Although the overall signature of evolution suggests constant phenotypic
evolutionary rates, for both mean and mode, we identified two jumps in
evolutionary rate in the red channel Cell 1 in the red Preponaclade; the first one at the base of the red Prepona clade and the
second along the branch leading to Prepona hewitsonius (Table 3,
Figure 2, Figure S4-S5). The blue channel in Cell 2 showed between 1 and
3 jumps (mean and mode, respectively; Posterior Probability
> 0.5). These jumps are located at the base of the P.
hewitsonius +P. amydon clade, at the branch leading to P.
hewitsonius (mean and mode), and at the tip leading to P.
philipponi (W) (Figure 2, Figure S4-S5). There was discrepancy between
mean and mode in only one case, the mode identified a jump in the total
channel in Cell 1 (Table 3, Figure 2, Figure S4-S5) located at the base
of the red Prepona clade.
Diversification dynamics
estimation
The RPANDA analyses identified the time dependent model with constant
speciation and no extinction, and with exponentially varying speciation,
as the best models (Table 1). The first model suggests speciation rate
to be 0.12 species per Ma. In the second model, which has support
similar to the constant diversification model, speciation increases
through time from 0.05 at 32 Ma to 0.15 species per Ma in the present.
However, we give more support to the former model because it has fewer
parameters. Models assuming linearly varying speciation and extinction
did not converge, consequently we do not show the results here. Most
other complementary diversification analyses agree with the constant
diversification rate model, except MEDUSA (Appendix).