Fig. 2. The fatty acid content in each fraction of based on the type of omega classification group
Fig 2 shows that the fraction of urea complexes containing n-3 was the highest compared to n-3 other omega groups. The urea crystallization method has been proven to increase n-3 content from 15.01% (MAM) to 49.13%. EPA was ranked on the top in the n-3 group which increased from 6.81% to 26.50%. DHA was in the second with an increase in content from 4.72% to 17.39%. This data conclusion is similar to the study conducted by Zhang et al [37] which also stated that urea crystallization was the most efficient method for separating n-3 from SFA and MUFA. The crystallization method with acetone and n-hexane contains more n-9 than other omega groups where the most dominant was EA. The content of EA in ACF and NCF increased from 47.95% (WM) to 52.49% (ACF) and 52.29% (NCF). While the n-3 group actually declined such as EPA from 8.08% to 4.80% (ACF) and 4.79% (NCF). This data was contradicted with Patil and Nag research [17], where acetone was the most suitable solvent to separate SFA from PUFA according to their result.
The crystallization method with acetone and n-hexane produced unsatisfactory fractions. the ratio value of PUFA/trans-FA and n-3/trans-FA that expected to increase precisely decreased compared to MAM. ACF contained ratio value PUFA/trans-FA, n-3/trans-FA, EPA/EA, and DHA/EA of 0.162 + 0.021, 0.162 + 0.011, 0.092 +0.009, and 0.056 + 0.009 respectively. While NCF contained ratio value of 0.167 + 0.003, 0.167 + 0.003, 0.092 +0.005, and 0.062 + 0.004 respectively. Both ACF and NCF did not show a significantly different ratio value based on single-factor Anova analysis (p<0.05). This showed that the ACF and NCF were highly dominated by EA. All value of the entire ratio can be seen in Fig. 3.