Analyses accounting for Collembola, Acari and microbial biomass at
8 and 14 months
Mass loss . PIA did not directly affect mass loss after 8 and 14
months. PIB increased mass loss after 8 months, but decreased mass loss
after 14 months (main effects in Table 2). The observed positive effects
of PIB after 8 months were replaceable by shorter vegetation period,
delayed budburst and decreasing soil moisture (Supplementary Table S2).
Moreover, Acari abundance (which was increased by PIB after 8 months,
Fig. 2) directly increased mass loss after 8 and 14 months (main effects
in Table 2). There was a negative interaction between PIB and Acari
abundance on mass loss after 8 months, in which PIB was replaceable by
delayed budburst
(Table
2; Supplementary Table S2). There was a negative interaction between PIB
and Collembola abundance, in which PIB was replaceable by longer
vegetation period. In addition, there was a positive interaction between
PIB and microbial biomass on mass loss after 14 months, in which PIB was
replaceable by increasing soil moisture (Table 2; Supplementary Table
S2).
Carbon loss . PIA directly increased C loss after 8 months, but
PIB directly decreased C loss after 8 months (main effects in Table 2).
The observed positive effect of PIA on C loss was replaceable by
decreasing phytophagy, and the observed negative effects of PIB was
replaceable by delayed budburst (Table 2; Supplementary Table S2).
Moreover, Collembola abundance (which was decreased by PIB, Fig. 2)
directly increased C loss after 14 months. There was a negative
interaction between PIA and Collembola abundance after 14 months, in
which PIA was replaceable by both increasing phytophagy and decreasing
phenolics (Supplementary Table S2). Acari abundance (which was decreased
by PIB after 8 months) directly decreased C loss after 8 and 14 months.
There was a positive interaction between PIB and Acari abundance, in
which PIB was replaceable by increasing budburst or decreasing soil pH
(Table 2;
Supplementary
Table S2).
Nitrogen loss . Only PIB directly decreased N loss after 8 months
(main effects in Table 2). This negative effect of PIB on N loss was
replaceable by longer vegetation period (Supplementary Table S2).
Moreover, microbial biomass (which was decreased by PIB after 8 months;
Fig. 2) directly decreased N loss after 8 months. No interaction effects
were found between either PIA or PIB and soil biota (Table 2).