Ref. Design and location Severity, % or mean value Virus Treatment regimen (mg) Number of patients Main results
Lee et al.[57]
Multicenter, randomized open-label controlled trial, China
Supplemental oxygen: 32 Mechanical ventilation: 4 Influenza A (H3N2) (H1N1) Influenza B
OR 500 OD for 5 days
AZT + OST: 25 OST: 25 At day 10: IL-6: -83.4 % vs. - 59.5 %, P=0.017 IL-17 : -74.0 % vs. -34.3 %, P=0.011 CXCL9/MIG : -71.3 % vs. -56.0 %, P=0.031 CRP: -77.5 % vs. -48.2 %, P=0.171
Kakeya et al. [56]
Multicenter, randomized open-label clinical trial, Hong-Kong
Not reported
Influenza A (H1N1)
OR 2,000 extended-release single-dose
AZT + OST: 56 OST: 51 Improvement in sore throat at day 2 (P=0.03) Decrease in the maximum temperature on day 4 (P=0.037) Maximum temperature on day 3-5 significantly lower (P=0.048)
Martin-Loeches et al.[53]
Multicenter, prospective observational cohort study, Spain
ICU admission: 100 APACHE II: 14.3 Influenza A (H1N1)
NR
Macrolides: 190 CLT: 99 (52.1) AZT: 90 (47.4) No macrolides: 543 ICU mortality rate: aOR: 0.89 (95 % CI 0.53-1.49) ICU mortality rate in mechanically ventilated: aOR: 0.77 (95 % CI 0.44-1.35)
Ishaqui et al. [55]
Multicenter, retrospective observational cohort study, Saudi Arabia
Lymphocytes: 240 x109 Albumin: 4.1 g/dL Influenza A (H1N1)
OR/IV 500 (duration unknown)
AZT + OST: 102 OST: 227 Secondary bacterial infections: aOR: 0.285 (95 % CI, 0.1-0.81) Respiratory support during hospitalization: aOR: 0.28 (95 % CI, 0.09-0.786) Length of hospital stay: aOR: 0.21 (95 % CI, 0.14-0.31) Influenza symptom severity score day 5: aOR: 0.67 (95 % CI, 0.57-0.87)
Arabi et al.[54]
Multicenter, retrospective observational cohort study, Saudi Arabia
SOFA: 9 Mechanical ventilation: 61.8
MERS-CoV
NR
Macrolides: 136 AZT: 97 (71.3) CLT: 28 (20.6) ERT: 22 (16.1) No macrolides: 213 90-day mortality: aOR: 0.84 (95 % CI 0.47-1.51) RNA clearance: aHR: 0.88 (95 % CI 0.47-1.64)