Ref. Design and location Treatment regimen (mg) Number of patients ΔQTc (ms) Clinical outcome (arrhythmia, TdP) Clinical outcome (arrhythmia, TdP) Treatment discontinuation
Saleh et al.[28] Multicenter, prospective, observational study, USA OR/IV 500 OD 5 days Ventricular arrhythmia Ventricular arrhythmia 4.2 % due to QTc prolongation
HCQ + AZT: 119
Mean Δ: 27.5 ± 44.3 QTc> 500: 9.2 %
5.0 %
5.0 %
HCQ: 82
Mean Δ: 3.9 ± 32.9 QTc> 500: 8.6 %
2.4 %
2.4 %
2.4 % due to QTc prolongation
Million et al.[73]
Single center, retrospective, observational study, France
500 day 1, 250 OD days 2-5
HQC + AZT: 1,061
ΔQTc> 60: 0.8 % QTc> 500: 0 %
None
None
3 (abdominal pain, urticaria, erythematous and bullous rash)
Mahevas et al.[75] Multicenter, retrospective, propensity-score matched observational study in France 500 day 1, 250 OD day 2-5 HCQ: 84 ΔQTc > 60: 8.3 % 1.2 % atrioventricular block 1.2 % atrioventricular block 8 (10 %)
HCQ + AZT: 15 None None None None
Rosenberg et al.[78] Multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study, USA OR/IV 500 OD. Duration NR Cardiac arrest: Arrhythmia NR
HCQ + AZT: 735 81 (11.0 %) 15.5 % 20.4 %
HCQ: 271 39 (14.4 %) 13.7 % 16.2 %
AZT: 211 15 (7.1 %) 6.2 % 10.9 %
SOC: 221 13 (5.9 %) 6.8 % 10.4 %
Guerin et al.[79] Retrospective, observational study, France 500 day 1, 250 OD days 2-5 HCQ + AZT: 20 None None None None
AZT: 34
SOC: 34
Barbosa et al.[80] Open label, controlled non-randomized trial, Brasil 500 OD 5 days HCQ+AZT: 412 None None None None
SOC: 224 None
Mercuro et al.[81]
Single center, retrospective, observational cohort, USA
NR
HCQ + AZT: 53
Mean Δ: 23 (10-40) QTc> 500: 21 % ΔQTc> 60: 13 %
1 extreme QTc prolongation that developed TdP
1 extreme QTc prolongation that developed TdP
1.1 % due to QTc prolongation
HCQ: 37
Mean Δ: 5.5 (-14-31) QTc> 500: 19 % ΔQTc> 60: 3 %
None
None
11.1 % due to QTc prolongation
Chorin et al.[82]
Single center, retrospective, observational cohort, USA
500 OD. Duration NR
HQC + AZT: 84
QTc> 500: 11 % ΔQTc> 60: 12 %
None
None
NR
Bessiere et al.[83] Single center, retrospective, observational cohort study 250 OD 5 days HCQ + AZT: 18 QTc> 500: 33 % None None NR
HCQ: 22 QTc> 500: 5 %
Chang et al.[84]
Single center, prospective observational cohort study, USA
At least 1 dose IV 500
HCQ + AZT: 51
Mean Δ: 12.8 ± 29.3
Atrial fibrillation: 12.8 % Supraventricular tachycardia: 0.9 % Atrial fibrillation: 12.8 % Supraventricular tachycardia: 0.9 %
None
HCQ: 66 Mean Δ: 3.9 ± 31.9 1.5 % due to QTc prolongation
Chorin et al.[85]
Multicenter, observational study in Italy and USA
OR 500 OD 5 days
HCQ + AZT: 251
Mean Δ: 34 ± 30 QTc > 500: 20 % Extreme QTc prolongation: 23 %
NR
NR
3.2 % due to QTc prolongation
Lane et al.[86]
Multinational, network cohort and self-controlled case study
NR
HCQ +AZT: 323,122 HCQ + AMX: 351,956
NR
30-day cardiovascular mortality CalHR: 2.19 (95 % CI 1.22-3.94) Chest pain/angina CalHR: 1.15 (95 % CI 1.05-1.26) Heart failure CalHR 1.22 (95 % CI 1.02-1.45) 30-day cardiovascular mortality CalHR: 2.19 (95 % CI 1.22-3.94) Chest pain/angina CalHR: 1.15 (95 % CI 1.05-1.26) Heart failure CalHR 1.22 (95 % CI 1.02-1.45)
NR