Conclusions
Bachmann’s bundle ablation in the setting of a two-staged hybrid ablation is a safe and highly effective first-line treatment for patients with long-standing persistent AF, with 96% of patients being arrhythmia-free 1 year after the procedure. Pending further trials with a longer and continuous follow-up, this study suggests the major role of BB in the substrate maintaining LSPAF even after an extensive biatrial ablation.