β, Target Cell [Infection]
Rate at which circulating virions convert healthy epithelial cells to
“eclipse” (non-productive or pre-productive) phase infected
cells.
|
Attachment phase
|
Camostat and nafamostat to TMPRSS2
Chloroquine to ACE2
|
26-28
|
|
Endosomal acidification |
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine,
niclosamide |
26, 29, 30 |
|
Cytoplasmatic assembly |
Leflunomide |
31 |
|
cleavage of viral spike protein by cathepsin L |
Teicoplanin |
32 |
δ, Productive Cell [Death]
Rate at which productively infected cells die.
|
Programmed cell death, apoptosis, stress response
|
Interferon
azithromycin
|
33-35
|
|
Apoptosis |
protease inhibitors, ribavirin |
36, 37 |
p, Virion [Release]
Rate at which productively infected cells produce new virions
|
Unknown
|
combination treatment (interferons and protease inhibitors)
azithromycin
|
38, 39
|
|
viral proteolysis |
lopinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir, darunavir,
bocepravir, ribavirin |
40, 41 |
|
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
remdesivir, favipiravir |
41,
42 |
|
Nonspecific
|
ivermectin, cyclosporin, nitazoxanide
azithromycin
|
39, 43-45
|
c, Virion [Kill] |
Unknown |
Antibodies, convalescent plasma,
RGN-COV2 |
46 |