\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Cycles-L: A coupled, 3-D, land surface, hydrologic, and agroecosystem
landscape model}



\author[1]{Yuning Shi}%
\author[2]{Felipe Montes}%
\author[2]{Armen R Kemanian}%
\affil[1]{The Pennsylvania State University}%
\affil[2]{Pennsylvania State University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 27, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Managing landscapes to increase agricultural productivity and
environmental stewardship requires spatially distributed models that can
integrate data and operate at spatial and temporal scales that are
intervention-relevant. This paper presents Cycles-L, a landscape-scale,
coupled agroecosystem hydrologic modeling system. Cycles-L couples a 3-D
land surface hydrologic model, Flux-PIHM, with a 1-D agroecosystem
model, Cycles. Cycles-L takes the landscape and hydrology structure from
Flux-PIHM and most agroecosystem processes from Cycles. Consequently,
Cycles-L can simulate landscape level processes affected by topography,
soil heterogeneity, and management practices, owing to its
physically-based hydrologic component and ability to simulate horizontal
and vertical transport of mineral nitrogen (N) with water. The model was
tested at a 730-ha agricultural experimental watershed within the
Mahantango Creek watershed in Pennsylvania. Cycles-L simulated well
stream water discharge and N exports (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient 0.55
and 0.58, respectively), and grain crop yield (root mean square error
1.01 Mg ha\textsuperscript{-1}), despite some uncertainty in the
accuracy of survey-based input data. Cycles-L outputs are as good if not
better than those obtained with the uncoupled Flux-PIHM (water
discharge) and Cycles (crop yield) models. Model predicted spatial
patterns of N fluxes clearly show the combined control of crop
management and topography. Cycles-L spatial and temporal resolution
fills a gap in the availability of analytical models at an operational
scale relevant to evaluate costly strategic and tactical interventions
\emph{in silico}, and can become a core component of tools for
applications in precision agriculture, precision conservation, and
artificial intelligence-based decision support systems.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/n-leaching/n-leaching}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/domain/domain}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/n-conc/n-conc}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/denitrif-vs-input/denitrif-vs-input}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/discharge/discharge}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

