This table provides the detailed results for the multi-level linear
model. Run-time deletion reduced the number of level-1 records from 3118
to 1438, and level-2 from 50 to 48.
Notes: a) The coefficients are multiplied with 1000
for more intuitive figures. Ditto for the confidence interval.b) The effect size is calculated as coefficient /
standard deviation, again multiplied with 1000. c) The
variable for household income is divided by 10000. d)All effects for Math grade are from a separately calculated model
because the variable is unavailable for 675 counties across the U.S.
Consequently, run-time deletion reduced the number of level-1 records to
1140 and level-2 to 43. This updates some p -values, but does not
affect the sign of the coefficients. e) Party control:
0 = Democratic, 1 = Republican. f) Gender of governor:
0 = male, 1 = female.