Study population- Study design
This is a prospective longitudinal study in which women with singleton pregnancies with GDM and an equal number of control women with uncomplicated pregnancies were recruited at the time of their routine fetal ultrasound scan at 35-36 weeks’ gestation. Women with prior known cardiovascular disease, pregestational diabetes, gestational or pre-existing hypertensive disorder, fetal structural defects or chromosomal abnormalities were not eligible to participate in this study. Mothers were asked to bring their children for a repeat cardiovascular assessment at around six months after delivery. Women provided written informed consent to participate in the Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Study which received ethical approval (REC No 18/NI/0013, IRAS ID:237936). The prenatal data from this study constitute part of data included in a previous publication from our group (3).