2.1. Materials
ZrCl4 (98%) and 2-NH2-BDC (98%) were
purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
TMC (98%) was purchased from Shanghai Energy Chemical Co., Ltd.
(Shanghai, China). N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.5%), hydrochloric
acid (HCl, 36.0%), ethanol (C2H5OH,
99.7%), trichloromethane (CHCl3, 99.0%), titanium
(III) chloride (TiCl3), DETA (CP), anhydrousn -hexane (97%), and analytical grade NaCl, LiCl, and
MgCl2 were obtained from China National Pharmaceutical
Group Industry Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All reagents and solvents
were used as received, without further purification. Deionized (DI)
water was used throughout the experiments.
A Neosepta AMX (Tokuyama Co., Japan) anion exchange membrane and a
Selemion CSO (AGC Engineering Co., Japan) MCPM were used for
electrodialysis (ED) experiments. Porous polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which
was used as membrane substrate, was obtained from Guo Chu Technology
Co., Ltd. (China).