3.1 Study and data selection
The flowchart of the detailed search process is illustrated in Figure 1. Initially, 397 potentially studies were identified, of which 73 were duplicates and 233 were excluded after reviewing the titles and abstracts. Of the remaining 91 studies, 17 review articles, 3 editorial/letters, and 8 case reports or case series, and 21 abstracts were excluded. Further, 33 studies were excluded after a detailed evaluation of the full text for the following reasons: 9 were uncontrolled studies, 5 were clinical studies design, 13 lacked study endpoints, 6 reporting duplicate data. And then, 2 trails by Berte B et al and Dhillon G et al15,16 comparing HPSD vs. LPLD were also excluded, because their ablation were guided by ablation index (AI) without illustrating ablation time per site detailed. Consequently, 7 clinical trials with 2023 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis4,13,14,17-20.