Classification and Antigenic Type:
The corona viruses were originally grouped into the family Corona, is
known as crown constituted by glycoprotein-studded envelope,Fig.2-4. Most human corona virus fall into one of two groups of
229E and OC43-like. These differ in both antigenic determinants and
culturing requirements: 229E-like corona viruses can usually be isolated
in human embryonic fibroblast cultures; OC43-like viruses can be
isolated from suckling mouse brain. There is little antigenic
cross-reaction between these two types found, and cause independent
epidemics. It is thought that human coronaviruses enter cells,
predominantly, by specific receptors like amino peptidase-N and sialic
acid-containing receptors.229E and OC43 respectively antigenic variants
during infection enter the host cell and release their genome RNA to
transcribe and to translate. (Messenger) mRNAs of the host lung cells
and their 3′ ends. 5′ ends are used for translating coat protein. There
are 7 mRNAs are involved in such envelop coat proteins development and
are assembled at the cell membrane. The genomic RNA is involved to
develop virus particles and to get released by budding from internal
cell membrane ruptures. Studies in both organ cultures and human cells,
it is observed that infected cells become vacuolated. Cell damage
triggers the production of inflammatory mediators, which increase nasal
secretion, local inflammation and swelling to stimulate sneezing,
obstruct the airway, and raise the temperature. The growth of several
opportunistic, Bacillaceae, Coccaceae, Chlamydomonas, of
microbial family, influence the increasing inflammation, symbiotically
survives with corona to damage mucocilliary activity of the respiratory
tract and lung, and to bring the patients to death,[18-19]. Interferon(IF) can protect against infective stage,
but its expression in human immune system with MHC( Major
Histocompatibility Complex- HLA ( Human Link Antigen) and IL(
Interleukin10(IL10), is not well defined in case of corona. Because
coronavirus infections are common, many individuals have specific
antibodies in their nasal secretions, and these antibodies can protect
against infection. Most of these antibodies are directed against the
surface projections and neutralize the infectivity of the virus.
Cell-mediated immunity and allergy have not been studied vast to confirm
the mode of corona allergic inflammations. The epidemiology of
coronavirus colds is not well defined and studied. Hard Immunity concept
is an alternative infection movement, pass through communities, and
occurs during winter months in families, schools, and locality to block
corona infection. [11-15].