Corona vaccine proposals and their development:
As the Wuhan corona virus (COVID-19) epidemic continues to spread and
there is still no solution, their preventions (i.e. any vaccine, any T
cell based cytotoxic activities on corona. At present there are many
pharmaceutical companies and government agencies are working hard to
resolve the problem; one strategy to use a live but weakened
(attenuated) virus, as found in chickenpox vaccines. The second is to
use a dead (inactivated) virus, as found in flu and polio viruses. The
third one is to use only a piece (subunit) of the virus, as recovered
from HPV(Human Papilloma Virus) and shingles, a viral infection caused
by varicella-zoster virus, painful rash with blisters., vaccines. The
first two methods require growing the virus in a laboratory or factory.
This isn’t as easy as culturing bacteria, which usually grow just fine
if provided the right types of food. Viruses can’t live on their own and
must infect another cell in order to reproduce. So, to culture viruses,
scientists must first identify a cell type that can propagate them.
Then, along with their host cells, the viruses can be grown inside large
tanks (bioreactors). Alternatively, many (possibly including the new
coronavirus) can be grown inside eggs. For live-attenuated vaccines,
viruses were inactivated by heat or by chemical like formaldehyde. Sino
Biological, Chinese biotech firm, explains that growing corona viruses
poses a safety threat to lab workers. The danger in such vaccination is,
that if the virus is not properly attenuated or inactivated, it could
provide reverse effect. This has happened with polio in Africa. Report
says that subunit vaccines would be safest, since they do not carry any
protein unit of virus coat of whole viruses. Subunit vaccine needs
bolstering system and proper knowledge of virus, (i.e. the types of
virus, their DNA and RNA structures, ds, or ss, their genomic sequence,
and their mutational variations, as isolated within infective and
non-infective phases). Once this is accursed, then to use same virus in
engineering and in attenuating protein vaccines will not be problem. The
French pharmaceutical Giant Sanofi is using this method to target
COVID-19.In addition to that there are newer methods to design vaccines,
and several companies are testing them in the race against COVID-19.
Johnson & Johnson is using genetic engineering to modify a harmless
adenovirus to resemble COVID-19. Inovio is developing a DNA vaccine,
while Moderna is creating an mRNA vaccine. (This diagram depicts how DNA
and RNA vaccines work), Fig.6 (a). Fig.6 (b), represents the
procedures which could be considered. The steps are made in following
manner;