Figure S11. The representative patterns of the suberin
deposition of the SLRs.
Figure S12. The enlargement of the suberin deposition in the
SLRs. 1, epidermis; 2, exodermis; 3, sclerenchyma; 4, endodermis.
Figure S13. The representative cross-sections at differentiation
zones of small lateral roots and images of the whole SLRs stained with
berberine-aniline blue. Autofluorescence of cell walls is detected as
blue. 1, epidermis; 2, exodermis; 3, sclerenchyma; 4, endodermis. Red
line indicate the position of cross-section.
Figure S14. The permeabilities of the exodermis and endodermis
were evaluated using PI. Red fluorescence indicates that PI penetrated
into root tissues. (A) The transverse sections from different zones of
primary roots stained with lower concentration PI. The section positions
from the root tip were marked at the left. Scale bar: 75μm (B) The
transverse sections of small lateral roots stained with lower
concentration PI. (C) The transverse sections from different zones of
primary roots stained with higher concentration PI.
Figure S15. The permeabilities of the endodermis were evaluated
using berberine-aniline blue. Autofluorescence of cell walls is
detected as blue. Arrow head, endodermis.
Figure S16. The permeabilities of the exodermis and endodermis
were evaluated using Phloroglucinol. Purple color indicates that the
periodic acid penetrates into root tissues. ep, epidermis; ex,
exodermis; sc, sclerenchyma; pe, pericycle; en, endodermis.
Figure S17. Mineral elemental content in the leaves of the WT
and els1 mutant (g/kg Dry weight). * and ** indicate the
significant differences between the WT and els1 mutant at 5% and
1% level, respectively.
Figure S18. Phenotypes of WT and els1 mutant plants grown
in various media with nutrient imbalances. (A) In complete medium (CK)
and without potassium (-K). (B) In medium without magnesium (-Mg). (C)
Treatment with 100uM AlCl3. (D) In medium with low pH
value (pH = 4.0). (E) in medium with cadmium (80uM).
Figure S19. Heatmaps of z-score–normalized expression of genes
with FDR < 0.05 between the WT and els1 mutant leaves
and pathways with the differentially expressed genes according to KEGG.(A) The second and third leaves from the top (marked with arrows) were
collected for RNA-seq analysis, respectively. There is no obvious cell
death phenotype in the second leaf and an obvious phenotype in the third
leaf in the els1 mutant. 2: The second leaf from the top. 3: The third
leaf from the top. WT: Wild type. (B) Venn diagram. M2 and M3: The
second and third leaf of the mutant; WT2 and WT3: The second and third
leaf of the WT. (C) Heatmap of the DEGs encoding antenna protein. (D)
The light-harvesting chlorophyll protein complex with antenna proteins
marked in green color. (E) Heatmap of the DEGs encoding proteins in the
electron transport chain and the ATP-synthesizing apparatus in the
thylakoid membrane. (F) The electron transport chain and
ATP-synthesizing apparatus in the thylakoid membrane in chloroplast. (J)
Heatmap of the DEGs in carbon fixation of photosynthesis. (K) The genes
encoding enzymes in C3 carbon fixation pathway. The green gene ID
markers indicate that the gene expressions are higher in the WT than in
the mutant.
Figure S20. Heatmaps and GO analyses with DEGs (|log2
(Fold Change els2/WT)| > 1 or Padj ≤ 0.05) between
the WT and els1. (A) Heatmap with DEGs of ATG genes. (B) Heatmap
with DEGs of protease genes. (C) GO enrichment analysis of biological
processes, cellular component, and KEGG with protease genes. (D) GO
enrichment analysis of molecular activity with protease genes.
Figure S21. Heatmap and GO enrichment analyses with DEGs
(|log2 (Fold change els1/WT)| > 1 or Padj
≤ 0.05) between els1 and WT. (A) Heatmap of DEGs of transporter and
channel genes. (B) GO enrichment analysis of cellular component with
transporter and channel genes. (C) Molecular activity. (D) Biological
processes.
Table S1. The genes that regulate Casparian strip (CS) formation and
suberin deposition in Arabidopsis .
Table S2. Formula of hydroponic nutrient solution used in this study (pH
= 5.8).
Table S3. Comparative gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of
differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Oscasp1 mutant and wild
type-cellular component.
Table S4: The primers used in this study.