RESULTS
We identified 163 patients of which 139 fulfilled the inclusion
criteria. The reasons for dropouts were missing data or complicated
medication regimen. The mean age of patients was 54.75±13.36. The study
showed that the majority (112) of the patients were diagnosed with CKD.
The sample consisted of significant male adults (108). The mean length
of stay (LOS) for patients was noted to be 6±2.5 days. The detailed
demographic details are presented in Table. 1.
Urinary tract infections (UTI) were seen in most of the patients,
followed by systemic, bloodstream infections (BSI) and respiratory
infections. Gastrointestinal infections were the least (Fig. 1). Most of
the patients received monotherapy, followed by dual therapy during their
hospitalization. In majority antibiotics were appropriately dosed
(63.3%). Most had a favorable clinical outcome (Fig. 2).
Cefoperazone-sulbactam followed by ceftriaxone, vancomycin, meropenem,
levofloxacin, ceftazidime were the common antibiotics administered (Fig.
3). Of 27 with AKI, only 20 were analyzed as they had data on required
parametersIn patients with AKI having highly unstable serum creatinine,
the Cockroft-Gault method overestimated the CrCl value with a mean
difference of 4.55ml/min. The relationship between dose appropriateness
and clinical outcome in AKI demonstrated that dosing adjustment was not
a significant factor (p= 0.4) in achieving a favorable clinical outcome.
In CKD patients, a significant correlation between dose adjustment and
clinical outcome (p=0.001) was obtained (Table. 2). The appropriateness
of dosing in CKD patients receiving monotherapy, dual therapy, or triple
therapy was compared, which identified that suitable dosing in dual
therapy (p=0.001) had a significant effect on positive clinical outcomes
(Table. 3).