Male |
168 (55.6%) |
283 (56.1%) |
604 (56.9%) |
1055
(56.5%) |
0.9* |
Mean birth weight |
2291.7 ± 411.1 |
2484.6 ± 422 g |
2721 ±
423 g |
1867 |
< 0.01+ |
Weight percentile
AGA
|
239 (79.1%)
|
402 (79.8%)
|
853 (80.4%)
|
1494 (80%)
|
0.04*
|
LGA |
42 (13.9%) |
45 (8.9%) |
97 (9.1%) |
184 (9.9%) |
|
SGA |
21 (7%) |
57 (11.3%) |
111 (10.5%) |
189 (10.1%) |
|
Median NICU length of stay |
7 d (5-12 d) |
5 d (3-8 d) |
3 d
(3-5 d) |
1867 |
<0.01§ |
NICU stay longer than 5 days |
238 (78.8%) |
279 (55.4%) |
307 (28.9%) |
824 (44.1%) |
<0.01§ |
Metabolic acidosis at birth
No acidosis
|
290 (96%)
|
488 (96.8%)
|
1039 (97.9%)
|
1817 (97.3%)
|
0.01**
|
Mild acidosis |
2 (0.7%) |
1 (0.2%) |
6 (0.6%) |
9 (0.5%) |
|
Moderate acidosis |
1 (0.3%) |
0 |
7 (0.7%) |
8 (0.4%) |
|
Severe acidosis |
9 (3%) |
15 (3%) |
9 (0.8%) |
33 (1.8%) |
|
5’ Apgar score < 3 |
1 (0.3%) |
2 (0.4%) |
2
(0.2%) |
5 (0.3%) |
0.7** |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
20 (6.6%) |
27 (5.4%) |
48
(4.5%) |
95 (5.1%) |
0.3* |
Respiratory support
No support
|
208 (68.9%)
|
411 (81.5%)
|
971 (91.5%)
|
1590 (85.2%)
|
< 0.01*
|
Invasive |
5 (1.6%) |
9 (1.8%) |
13 (1.2%) |
27 (1.4%) |
|
Non invasive |
89 (29.5%) |
84 (16.7%) |
77 (7.3%) |
250
(13.4%) |
|
Seizures |
0 |
3 (0.6%) |
0 |
3 (0.2%) |
0.02** |
Therapeutic hypothermia |
1 (0.3%) |
2 (0.4%) |
4 (0.4%) |
7 (0.4%) |
0.9 ** |
Jaundice |
145 (48%) |
188 (37.3%) |
241 (22.7%) |
574
(30.7%) |
<0.01* |
Sepsis |
22 (7.6%) |
27 (5.4%) |
23 (2.2%) |
72 (3.9%) |
< 0.01* |
Hypoglycemia |
92 (30.5%) |
126 (25%) |
196 (18.5%) |
414
(22.2%) |
< 0.01* |
Difficulty feeding |
57 (18.9%) |
70 (13.9%) |
65 (6.1%) |
192 (10.3%) |
< 0.01* |
Cerebral lesion
None
|
302 (100%)
|
502 (99.6%)
|
1056 (99.5%)
|
1860 (99.6%)
|
0.9**
|
Stroke |
0 |
1 (0.2%) |
2 (0.2%) |
3 (0.2%) |
|
Basal nuclei anomalies |
0 |
1 (0.2%) |
1 (0.1%) |
2 (0.1%) |
|
IVH >=2 |
0 |
0 |
2 (0.2%) |
2 (0.1%) |
|
Congenital anomalies
none
|
267 (88.5%)
|
462 (91.6%)
|
990 (93.3%)
|
1719 (92.1%)
|
0.1**
|
Cardio vascular |
10 (3.3%) |
5 (1%) |
21 (2%) |
36 (1.9%) |
|
CNS |
1 (0.3%) |
1 (0.2%) |
2 (0.2%) |
4 (0.2%) |
|
Gastrointestinal |
1 (0.3%) |
4 (0.8%) |
4 (0.4%) |
9 (0.5%) |
|
Genito-urinary |
1 (0.3%) |
7 (1.4%) |
3 (0.3%) |
11 (0.6%) |
|
Others |
22 (7.3%) |
25 (5%) |
41 (3.8%) |
88 (4.7%) |
|
Chromosomal anomalies |
1 (0.3%) |
4 (0.8%) |
4 (0.4%) |
9
(0.5%) |
0.5** |
Adverse Composite Neonatal Outcome |
82 (27.1%) |
89 (17.7%) |
85 (8%) |
256 (13.7%) |
<0.01* |
Hypoglycemia and difficulty feeding |
129 (42.7%) |
170
(33.7%) |
239 (22.5%) |
538 (28.8%) |
<0.01* |
Metabolic acidosis/ resuscitation |
20 (6.6%) |
27 (5.4%) |
48 (4.5%) |
95 (5.1%) |
0.3* |
Respiratory support |
94 (31.1%) |
93 (18.4%) |
90 (8.5%) |
277 (14.8%) |
<0.01* |