Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22. All data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation or percentage as appropriate. To evaluate differences between groups, the unpaired student’s t test for continuous variables and the chi-square test/fisher exact test for categorical variables was used, as appropriate. We calculated a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and report sensitivity and specificity for time and re-exploration. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was the overall performance measure of the accuracy of the test. A stepwise logistic regression was performed to evaluate independent markers associated with re-exploration and mortality. A p value of <0.05 (for a two-sided test) was considered significant.