References
Ahmad, R., Al-Mass, A., Atizado, V., Al-Hubail, A., Al-Ghimlas, F.,
Al-Arouj, M., . . . Behbehani, K. (2012). Elevated expression of the
toll like receptors 2 and 4 in obese individuals: its significance for
obesity-induced inflammation. J Inflamm (Lond), 9 (1), 48.
doi:10.1186/1476-9255-9-48
Akiyama, M., Okada, Y., Kanai, M., Takahashi, A., Momozawa, Y., Ikeda,
M., . . . Kamatani, Y. (2017). Genome-wide association study identifies
112 new loci for body mass index in the Japanese population.NATURE GENETICS, 49 (10), 1458-1467. doi:10.1038/ng.3951
Akyurek, N., Aycan, Z., Cetinkaya, S., Akyurek, O., Yilmaz Agladioglu,
S., & Ertan, U. (2013). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
(PPAR)-gamma concentrations in childhood obesity. SCANDINAVIAN
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION, 73 (4), 355-360.
doi:10.3109/00365513.2013.786121
Bar, D. Z., Charar, C., Dorfman, J., Yadid, T., Tafforeau, L.,
Lafontaine, D. L., & Gruenbaum, Y. (2016). Cell size and fat content of
dietary-restricted Caenorhabditis elegans are regulated by ATX-2, an
mTOR repressor. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 113 (32), E4620-4629.
doi:10.1073/pnas.1512156113
Browning, L. M., Hsieh, S. D., & Ashwell, M. (2010). A systematic
review of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for the prediction
of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: 0.5 could be a suitable global
boundary value. NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS, 23 (2), 247-269.
doi:10.1017/S0954422410000144
Chang, C. C., Chow, C. C., Tellier, L. C., Vattikuti, S., Purcell, S.
M., & Lee, J. J. (2015). Second-generation PLINK: rising to the
challenge of larger and richer datasets. GigaScience, 4 , 7.
doi:10.1186/s13742-015-0047-8
Chen, C., Lu, F. C., & Department of Disease Control Ministry of
Health, P. R. C. (2004). The guidelines for prevention and control of
overweight and obesity in Chinese adults. BIOMEDICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 17 Suppl , 1-36.
Cole, T. J., Flegal, K. M., Nicholls, D., & Jackson, A. A. (2007). Body
mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents:
international survey. BMJ, 335 (7612), 194.
doi:10.1136/bmj.39238.399444.55
Collaboration, N. C. D. R. F. (2017). Worldwide trends in body-mass
index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled
analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million
children, adolescents, and adults. LANCET, 390 (10113), 2627-2642.
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3
Collaborators, G. B. D. O., Afshin, A., Forouzanfar, M. H., Reitsma, M.
B., Sur, P., Estep, K., . . . Murray, C. J. L. (2017). Health Effects of
Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. NEW ENGLAND
JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 377 (1), 13-27. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1614362
Consortium, E. P. (2011). A user’s guide to the encyclopedia of DNA
elements (ENCODE). PLOS BIOLOGY, 9 (4), e1001046.
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001046
Cotsapas, C., Speliotes, E. K., Hatoum, I. J., Greenawalt, D. M.,
Dobrin, R., Lum, P. Y., . . . Consortium, G. (2009). Common body mass
index-associated variants confer risk of extreme obesity. HUMAN
MOLECULAR GENETICS, 18 (18), 3502-3507. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp292
Craige, S. M., Reif, M. M., & Kant, S. (2016). Mixed - Lineage Protein
kinases (MLKs) in inflammation, metabolism, and other disease states.Biochim Biophys Acta, 1862 (9), 1581-1586.
doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.022
Elks, C. E., den Hoed, M., Zhao, J. H., Sharp, S. J., Wareham, N. J.,
Loos, R. J., & Ong, K. K. (2012). Variability in the heritability of
body mass index: a systematic review and meta-regression.Frontiers in Endocrinology, 3 , 29. doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00029
Gu, H., Huang, Z., Yin, X., Zhang, J., Gong, L., Chen, J., . . . Cui, L.
(2015). Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the osteogenic and adipogenic
differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH, 339 (1), 112-121.
doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.08.005
Hirosumi, J., Tuncman, G., Chang, L., Gorgun, C. Z., Uysal, K. T.,
Maeda, K., . . . Hotamisligil, G. S. (2002). A central role for JNK in
obesity and insulin resistance. NATURE, 420 (6913), 333-336.
doi:10.1038/nature01137
Huang, K., Nair, A. K., Muller, Y. L., Piaggi, P., Bian, L., Del
Rosario, M., . . . Baier, L. J. (2014). Whole exome sequencing
identifies variation in CYB5A and RNF10 associated with adiposity and
type 2 diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring), 22 (4), 984-988.
doi:10.1002/oby.20647
Jiao, H., Arner, P., Gerdhem, P., Strawbridge, R. J., Naslund, E.,
Thorell, A., . . . Dahlman, I. (2015). Exome sequencing followed by
genotyping suggests SYPL2 as a susceptibility gene for morbid obesity.EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, 23 (9), 1216-1222.
doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.255
Jiao, H., Kulyte, A., Naslund, E., Thorell, A., Gerdhem, P., Kere, J., .
. . Dahlman, I. (2016). Whole-Exome Sequencing Suggests LAMB3 as a
Susceptibility Gene for Morbid Obesity. DIABETES, 65 (10),
2980-2989. doi:10.2337/db16-0522
Kaehler, C., Isensee, J., Nonhoff, U., Terrey, M., Hucho, T., Lehrach,
H., & Krobitsch, S. (2012). Ataxin-2-like is a regulator of stress
granules and processing bodies. PLoS One, 7 (11), e50134.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050134
Kheradpour, P., & Kellis, M. (2014). Systematic discovery and
characterization of regulatory motifs in ENCODE TF binding experiments.Nucleic Acids Res, 42 (5), 2976-2987. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1249
Kiehl, T. R., Nechiporuk, A., Figueroa, K. P., Keating, M. T., Huynh, D.
P., & Pulst, S. M. (2006). Generation and characterization of Sca2
(ataxin-2) knockout mice. BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH
COMMUNICATIONS, 339 (1), 17-24. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.186
Kim, D., Langmead, B., & Salzberg, S. L. (2015). HISAT: a fast spliced
aligner with low memory requirements. Nat Methods, 12 (4),
357-360. doi:10.1038/nmeth.3317
Koch, C. A., Anderson, D., Moran, M. F., Ellis, C., & Pawson, T.
(1991). SH2 and SH3 domains: elements that control interactions of
cytoplasmic signaling proteins. SCIENCE, 252 (5006), 668-674.
doi:10.1126/science.1708916
Lastres-Becker, I., Brodesser, S., Lutjohann, D., Azizov, M., Buchmann,
J., Hintermann, E., . . . Auburger, G. (2008). Insulin receptor and
lipid metabolism pathology in ataxin-2 knock-out mice. HUMAN
MOLECULAR GENETICS, 17 (10), 1465-1481. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn035
Levi, Z., Kark, J. D., Katz, L. H., Twig, G., Derazne, E., Tzur, D., . .
. Afek, A. (2017). Adolescent body mass index and risk of colon and
rectal cancer in a cohort of 1.79 million Israeli men and women: A
population-based study. CANCER, 123 (20), 4022-4030.
doi:10.1002/cncr.30819
Li, H., & Durbin, R. (2009). Fast and accurate short read alignment
with Burrows-Wheeler transform. BIOINFORMATICS, 25 (14),
1754-1760. doi:btp324 [pii]
10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324
Li, Q., & Wang, K. (2017). InterVar: Clinical Interpretation of Genetic
Variants by the 2015 ACMG-AMP Guidelines. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
HUMAN GENETICS, 100 (2), 267-280. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.004
Lima, L. O., Bruxel, E. M., Hutz, M. H., Van der Sand, C. R., Van der
Sand, L. C., Ferreira, M. E., . . . Almeida, S. (2013). Influence of
PPARA, RXRA, NR1I2 and NR1I3 gene polymorphisms on the lipid-lowering
efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Arquivos Brasileiros de
Endocrinologia e Metabologia, 57 (7), 513-519.
doi:10.1590/s0004-27302013000700003
Liu, J., Wang, L., Sun, J., Liu, G., Yan, W., Xi, B., . . . Mi, J.
(2017). Bone mineral density reference standards for Chinese children
aged 3-18: cross-sectional results of the 2013-2015 China Child and
Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) Study. BMJ Open, 7 (5),
e014542. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014542
Locke, A. E., Kahali, B., Berndt, S. I., Justice, A. E., Pers, T. H.,
Day, F. R., . . . Speliotes, E. K. (2015). Genetic studies of body mass
index yield new insights for obesity biology. NATURE, 518 (7538),
197-206. doi:10.1038/nature14177
Love, M. I., Huber, W., & Anders, S. (2014). Moderated estimation of
fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome
Biol, 15 (12), 550. doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8
McKenna, A., Hanna, M., Banks, E., Sivachenko, A., Cibulskis, K.,
Kernytsky, A., . . . DePristo, M. A. (2010). The Genome Analysis
Toolkit: a MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA
sequencing data. GENOME RESEARCH, 20 (9), 1297-1303.
doi:gr.107524.110 [pii]
10.1101/gr.107524.110
Meierhofer, D., Halbach, M., Sen, N. E., Gispert, S., & Auburger, G.
(2016). Ataxin-2 (Atxn2)-Knock-Out Mice Show Branched Chain Amino Acids
and Fatty Acids Pathway Alterations. MOLECULAR & CELLULAR
PROTEOMICS, 15 (5), 1728-1739. doi:10.1074/mcp.M115.056770
Ormazabal, V., Nair, S., Elfeky, O., Aguayo, C., Salomon, C., & Zuniga,
F. A. (2018). Association between insulin resistance and the development
of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 17 (1),
122. doi:10.1186/s12933-018-0762-4
Ozaki, K. I., Awazu, M., Tamiya, M., Iwasaki, Y., Harada, A., Kugisaki,
S., . . . Kohno, M. (2016). Targeting the ERK signaling pathway as a
potential treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Am
J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 310 (8), E643-E651.
doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00445.2015
Pal, D., Dasgupta, S., Kundu, R., Maitra, S., Das, G., Mukhopadhyay, S.,
. . . Bhattacharya, S. (2012). Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of
TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance. NATURE MEDICINE,
18 (8), 1279-1285. doi:10.1038/nm.2851
Pertea, M., Pertea, G. M., Antonescu, C. M., Chang, T. C., Mendell, J.
T., & Salzberg, S. L. (2015). StringTie enables improved reconstruction
of a transcriptome from RNA-seq reads. Nat Biotechnol, 33 (3),
290-295. doi:10.1038/nbt.3122
Sabo, A., Mishra, P., Dugan-Perez, S., Voruganti, V. S., Kent, J. W.,
Jr., Kalra, D., . . . Butte, N. F. (2017). Exome sequencing reveals
novel genetic loci influencing obesity-related traits in Hispanic
children. Obesity (Silver Spring), 25 (7), 1270-1276.
doi:10.1002/oby.21869
Schlessinger, J. (1994). SH2/SH3 signaling proteins. CURRENT
OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT, 4 (1), 25-30.
doi:10.1016/0959-437x(94)90087-6
Seit-Nebi, A., Cheng, W., Xu, H., & Han, J. (2012). MLK4 has negative
effect on TLR4 signaling. Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 9 (1),
27-33. doi:10.1038/cmi.2011.15
Shan, X. Y., Xi, B., Cheng, H., Hou, D. Q., Wang, Y., & Mi, J. (2010).
Prevalence and behavioral risk factors of overweight and obesity among
children aged 2-18 in Beijing, China. Int J Pediatr Obes, 5 (5),
383-389. doi:10.3109/17477160903572001
Shungin, D., Winkler, T. W., Croteau-Chonka, D. C., Ferreira, T., Locke,
A. E., Magi, R., . . . Mohlke, K. L. (2015). New genetic loci link
adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution. NATURE,
518 (7538), 187-196. doi:10.1038/nature14132
Simmonds, M., Llewellyn, A., Owen, C. G., & Woolacott, N. (2016).
Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and
meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 17 (2), 95-107.
doi:10.1111/obr.12334
Solinas, G., & Becattini, B. (2017). JNK at the crossroad of obesity,
insulin resistance, and cell stress response. Mol Metab, 6 (2),
174-184. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.12.001
Speliotes, E. K., Willer, C. J., Berndt, S. I., Monda, K. L.,
Thorleifsson, G., Jackson, A. U., . . . Loos, R. J. (2010). Association
analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body
mass index. Nat Genet, 42 (11), 937-948. doi:10.1038/ng.686
Stossi, F., Dandekar, R. D., Johnson, H., Lavere, P., Foulds, C. E.,
Mancini, M. G., & Mancini, M. A. (2019). Tributyltin chloride (TBT)
induces RXRA down-regulation and lipid accumulation in human liver
cells. PLoS One, 14 (11), e0224405.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224405
Takahashi, A., Morita, M., Yokoyama, K., Suzuki, T., & Yamamoto, T.
(2012). Tob2 inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2
expression by sequestering Smads and C/EBPalpha during adipocyte
differentiation. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, 32 (24),
5067-5077. doi:10.1128/MCB.00610-12
Thomas, G. N., Ho, S. Y., Lam, K. S., Janus, E. D., Hedley, A. J., Lam,
T. H., & Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study
Steering, C. (2004). Impact of obesity and body fat distribution on
cardiovascular risk factors in Hong Kong Chinese. Obes Res,
12 (11), 1805-1813. doi:10.1038/oby.2004.224
Thorleifsson, G., Walters, G. B., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Steinthorsdottir,
V., Sulem, P., Helgadottir, A., . . . Stefansson, K. (2009). Genome-wide
association yields new sequence variants at seven loci that associate
with measures of obesity. NATURE GENETICS, 41 (1), 18-24.
doi:10.1038/ng.274
Twig, G., Tirosh, A., Leiba, A., Levine, H., Ben-Ami Shor, D., Derazne,
E., . . . Kark, J. D. (2016). BMI at Age 17 Years and Diabetes Mortality
in Midlife: A Nationwide Cohort of 2.3 Million Adolescents.DIABETES CARE, 39 (11), 1996-2003. doi:10.2337/dc16-1203
Twig, G., Vivante, A., Bader, T., Derazne, E., Tsur, A. M., Levi, M., .
. . Kark, J. D. (2018). Body Mass Index and Kidney Disease-Related
Mortality in Midlife: A Nationwide Cohort of 2.3 Million Adolescents.Obesity (Silver Spring), 26 (4), 776-781. doi:10.1002/oby.22144
Voisin, S., Almen, M. S., Zheleznyakova, G. Y., Lundberg, L., Zarei, S.,
Castillo, S., . . . Schioth, H. B. (2015). Many obesity-associated SNPs
strongly associate with DNA methylation changes at proximal promoters
and enhancers. Genome Medicine, 7 , 103.
doi:10.1186/s13073-015-0225-4
Volckmar, A. L., Song, J. Y., Jarick, I., Putter, C., Gobel, M., Horn,
L., . . . Hinney, A. (2015). Fine Mapping of a GWAS-Derived Obesity
Candidate Region on Chromosome 16p11.2. PLoS One, 10 (5),
e0125660. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125660
Yang, H., & Wang, K. (2015). Genomic variant annotation and
prioritization with ANNOVAR and wANNOVAR. Nature Protocols,
10 (10), 1556-1566. doi:10.1038/nprot.2015.105
Zhao, J., & Grant, S. F. (2011). Genetics of childhood obesity. J
Obes, 2011 , 845148. doi:10.1155/2011/845148