RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results of this study showed leaf anatomical features ofHabenaria Wild Species in Shimogga district, comparable data
among the species supports species identification and to helps to
understand their structures adaption to different habitat in a district.
The leaf anatomical structures showed organizations of components
forming leaves, consisted of stomata, cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll and
vascular bundles, hypodermis in cells are particular in orchid species.
1.Habenaria heyneana Lindl. : Leaf transverse section ofH . heyneana showed tetracyclic type of stomata, cuticle
was thick and smooth, The epidermic was uniseriate with elongated shaped
cells, hypodermis was not clear. Mesophyll were homogeneous consisted of
10-12 thin walled , round-shaped ,parenchymatic cell layers, filled with
chlorophylls (chlorenchyms) vascular bundles consisted of xylem and
phloem, arranged collaterally. There were 4 large and 4-6 small arches
arranged in a row with parenchyma cells bundle sheath surrounded the
vascular bundles, scherenchyma cells in vascular bundle were not
observed ( figure 2. A , B. figure 4. I )
2. Habenaria Plantaginea Lind1. : H.Plantaginea anatomical characters showed that stomata was
cyclocytic, cuticle was relatively thick and smooth. The epidermis was a
single layer composed of elongated shaped cells . mesophyll was 13 -15
layers, consisted of elongated parenchymatous cells, chlorophylls were
present in the Parenchymatous cells of mesophyll. vascular bundles were
arranged within parenchymatous cells of mesophyll layer. Vascular
bundles consisted of 7-9 Arches of xylem and phloem. Bundles sheath was
thin walled surrounds the vascular bundles ( Figure 2. F , G,H. Figure
4. A)
3. Habenaria longicorniculata J.Graham. : H.
longicorniculata anemocytic and tetracytic stomata configuration,
cuticle layer was thick and smooth, epidermic was uniseriate composed of
polygonal shaped cells. Hypodermis was not observed. Mesophyll was 14-15
layers of homogenous polygonal shaped parenchymatous cells. Vascular
bundles consisted of xylem and phloem arranged collaterally.
Sclerenchyma cells were not associated with vascular bundles, bundle
sheath cells were thin . there were 8-9 arches of xylem and phloem
arranged in a row embedded within parenchymatous cells of mesophyll.
(figure 2 I, G Figure .4 B)
4. Habenaria elwessi Hook.f : H. elwessi had anemocytic
stomata configuration and cuticle was thick and smooth, Epidermis is had
one layer made up of elongated shaped cells . Hypodermis was absent or
not clear. Mesophyll was Homogenous with 15-16 layers consisting of
polygonal shaped parenchymatous cells. Chlorophylls were present in
mesophyll cells. Vascular bundles consisted of xylem and phloem arranged
collaterally. There were 9-10 xylem and phloem arches arranged in rows
embedded in parenchymatous cells. Vascular bundles are surrounded with
thin bundle sheath. ( Figure 3 , A, B, C figure 4. J).
5. Habenaria crinifera Lind1 : H. crinifera had
tetracyclic stomata configuration with thick and smooth cuticle.
Epidermis is single layered with elongated cells. Hypodermis was not
clearly distinguishable. Mesophyll layer is made with Homogenous
parenchymatous cells. Mesophyll cells stores starch grains and water.
There is a large water storage cells were present. Mesophyll cells with
12-13 layers of parenchymatous cells, they were polygonal in shape.
Vascular bundles with 10-11 xylem and phloem arches arranged in a rows
embedded within parenchymatous cells. (Figure 3. D, E figure 4. H)
6. Habenaria ovalifolia Wight.: H. ovalifolia had
tetracyclic stomata configuration with thick cuticle layer. The
epidermis was uniseriate with polygonal shaped cells. Hypodermis is not
clearly seen. Mesophyll was 14-15 layers with homogenous polygonal
shaped parenchyma cells. Vascular bundles consisted of xylem and phloem
arranged collaterally. Sclerenchyma cells not associated with vascular
bundles. Bundle sheath was indistinct. There were 5-6 arches of vascular
bundle arranged in a number of rows embedded within parenchymatous cells
of mesophyll. (figure 3. F, G figure 4.F, G).
7. Habenaria multicaudata Sedgw. : H.multicaudata leaves has cyclocytic stomata configuration. cuticle
was thick ,epidermis was a single layer with elongated cells. Hypodermis
cells were not clear. Mesophyll was 13-14 layers made with homogenous ,
rounded to elongated shaped parenchyma cells. Chlorophylls were
abundantly present in mesophyll cells. Vascular bundles were arranged
with 4-5 arches. sclerenchyma cells were not associated with bundle
sheath cells. Bundle sheath cells are thin cleanly visible. (figure 2 D,
E figure 4.D).
8. Habenaria pelorioides Par. & Rchb.f. (Odisha
cleistantha S.Mishra) : Leaf transverse section of H.
peloriodes showed the stomata with anemocytic and tetracyclic
configuration. Cuticle was thick and smooth in nature. The epidermis was
uniseriate with elongated shaped cells. Hypodermis was absent or not
clear. Mesophyll was homogenous consisted of 14-15 layers with thin
walled parenchyma cells. Vascular bundles consisted of xylem and phloem
arranged collaterally. There were 4-5 Arches arranged in a rows embedded
with parenchyma cells. Sclerenchyma cells were not associated with
vascular bundles. Thin walled bundle sheath surrounded the vascular
bundle. (figure 3. H. I. figure 4. C,E ).