2.13 Statistical analysis
The mean and standard deviation values with a minimum of three replicate data set were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2019. To find the significance of difference amongst the samples, statistical analysis such as Tukey’s HSD test was performed using Past3 software (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) from metabolite data was achieved via MetaboAnalyst 4.0, an open source software (Xia et al., 2015).