Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; E-R, Emilia-Romagna; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; ICU, intensive care unit; IRSA, Italian Registry of Severe Asthma; LABA, long-acting beta-2 agonists; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonists; OCS, oral corticosteroids; SD, standard deviation.