Statistical analysis:
Statistical analysis was approved with the SPSS statistical package (Version 25; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Quantitative data were stated as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and Qualitative data were displayed using numbers and percentages. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to confirm the normality of distribution. Comparative data between the two groups, the Senning patients and the controls were assessed using the unpaired t-test. Changes in hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters between rest and dobutamine stress were compared using a paired Student t-test. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at a confidence interval of 95%.