Introduction
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in developing countries, which, in addition to increasing mortality, causes disability and disability in patients (1). Like most countries in Western Asia, CVD is the first cause of death in Iran, responsible for 46% of deaths (2). one of the major methods for treating coronary artery diseases is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)(3), which 50 to 60% of heart surgeries are performed with this method in Iran(4).
Despite the constant innovations in technology and the increasing quality of medical interventions in heart patients, surgery is considered a challenge for these patients that causes pre- and post-surgery limitations such as changes in their lifestyle habits and despite the risk of patient vulnerability during surgery, it can cause significant degrees of anxiety(5). On the other hand, these patients need constant monitoring of cardiac risk factors to prevent the progression of the disease and recurrence of cardiac events, which increases the level of anxiety and fear in the preoperative stage(6). In patients, preoperative anxiety stimulates the sympathetic system and significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure(7), Increasing the risk of death(8), during anesthesia, the need for aanesthetic drugs increases and prolongs the recovery period(9).
One way to reduce anxiety is to educate and provide information to the patient (10). One of the topics that can be taught to the patient is home care training. According to Lancaster, home care is the best way to provide educational programs for individuals in the family (11). The goal of home care training is to increase the patient’s ability to cope with their illness, to take care of themselves and to speed up recovery after an illness, and to minimize any complications, because recent changes in global health care systems require that patients with long-term complex care needs be cared at home and by self and family members (12). In fact, home care training helps the patient identify their problems, acquire the necessary care skills, and solve problems on their own, as a result, the patient will feel empowered and the fear and anxiety of disability will subside. Therefore, it is important to educate patients in the preoperative stage, so that they can control the anxiety and fear that patients have from the postoperative period. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the effect of home care training on anxiety and vital signs level in CABG patients.