Reconstruction and healing of bony defects remains a major clinical challenge. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types characteristic of bone, skeletal and cardiac muscle, adipose tissue, and neural cells (Dai et al. , 2018; Jinget al. , 2019; Luby et al. , 2019). Numerous studies have demonstrated that BMSCs are potential in promoting bone regeneration and defect repair (Luby et al. , 2019; Polymeri et al. , 2016).