Survival
The overall 5-year relative survival rates for infant cancer from 1975 to 2014 was 73.4%. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival by gender and race; however, there were significant differences in overall survival by ICCC cancer types and over the years. The 5-year relative survival was only 65.1% in 1975-1984, but increased to 78.0% in 1995-2004 and to 80.5% in 2005-2014. The 5-year overall relative survival rates for retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, renal tumors and germ cell were over 80%. The 5-year overall relative survival for both leukemia and CNS were under 50% [Fig. 4]. We analyzed the survival rate changes for different ICCC types by 10-year period. Significant relative survival increases occurred for all the ICCC types except renal and sarcomas[Fig 5]. The largest 5-year relative survival rate increase from 1975-1984 to 2005-2014 occurred in hepatic tumor (57.7%, from 39.7% to 97.4%), lymphoma (52.4%, from 31.0% to 83.4%) and leukemia (38.0%, from 26.9% to 64.9%). For CNS and neuroblastoma, the 5-year overall relative survival increases from 1975-1984 to 2005-2014 were 23.9% (35.5%-59.4%) and 10.5% (84.0%-94.5%) respectively. Survival for infants having retinoblastoma since 1995 has approached the survival rate for infants without this cancer. Leukemia and CNS were two infant cancers whose survival improved continuously over four decades. The significant survival improvement for Heptic tumor, germ, and Neuroblastoma occurred only during 1995-2004 and 2005-2014. For retinoblastoma, the survival improvement was only in 1995-2004, for lymphoma survival increase only happened in 2005-2014.