Quantitative real-time PCR assay
Total RNA samples were obtained from colon tissues using TRIzol (Invitrogen) reagent following the manufacturer’s protocol. cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription of each RNA sample by First-Strand cDNA Synthesis SuperMix (TransGen Biotech, Beijing). The levels of proinflammatory factor were quantified using Green qPCR SuperMix (TransGen Biotech, Beijing). The GAPDH RNA was used for normalization. The primers used in the present study are indicated in Supporting Information Table S1