Figure legends
Figure 1. Sampling locations in (a) La Lopé, Gabon, and (b)
Rabai, Kenya. The inset in each graph shows the location of the field
site in continental Africa. In (a), each point represents a sampling
location where one to multiple larval breeding sites were found. In (b),
each point represents a single larval breeding site. The color of the
point indicates the habitat category: red - domestic (village indoor),
yellow - peridomestic (village outdoor), green - forest. The satellite
images were from (a) Google Satellite and (b) Bing Satellite in QGIS.
Figure 2. Environmental conditions of larval breeding sites in
La Lopé (a, c, e, g) and Rabai (b, d, f, h). (a-b) Principal component
analysis (PCA) of all physical variables. The first two PCs are shown,
and the variance explained by each PC was indicated in the axis label.
Each point represents a single larval breeding site. Colors and point
shapes indicate habitat and whether Ae. aegypti were found in the
sites, respectively. An eclipse was drawn for each larval breeding site
group with a 75% confidence level. The colors of the eclipses represent
habitat types and match the colors of the points. The solid and dashed
eclipses correspond to Ae. aegypti present and absent sites. The
original variables were overlaid on the PC1-PC2 plate with major
variables labeled. (c-d) Comparison of Ae. aegypti density
between habitats. “+” and “-” denote Ae. aegypti presence and
absence, respectively. The boxplots show the minimum, 25% quartile,
median, 75% quartile, and maximum. Asterisks indicate statistical
significance (p<0.05). (e-f) Comparison of microbial density
across larval breeding site groups. (g-h) NMDS analysis of bacterial
community compositions. The color and shape of points and eclipses are
the same as in the PCA (panel a-b).
Figure 3. Chemical profile of volatile samples collected from
Rabai larval breeding sites. Each row represents a compound, and each
column represents a larval breeding site. The five columns of points
between the compound names and the heatmap summarize whether the
compounds were present in each of the five larval breeding site groups.
The color and shape of the points are the same as in Figure 2. The color
of each cell in the heatmap quantifies the concentration on a log scale.
Gray cells indicate that the compound was not found in the larval
breeding sites, according to the GC-MS results. The inset Venn diagram
shows the total numbers of compounds unique in each habitat or shared
between different habitats.
Figure 4. Two-choice
laboratory oviposition assays testing preference for field-collected
waters, pH, shading, a combination of water pH, salinity, and shading,Ae. aegypti larval density, and bacterial culture.
Colony-wise results are shown in
Figure S11 in the Appendix. The two choices in each assay are described
in detail in Table S2 in the Appendix. Higher OIA implies a preference
for the forest condition. Each
point represents the OAI of one cage with five gravid females. The mean
and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by beta-binomial
models. The asterisks and ‘ns’
above each colony indicates whether the 95% CI excludes zero. No
significant differences were found between habitats or between colonies
in any experiments.
Figure 5. Five-choice laboratory oviposition assays testing
preference for bacterial density. Five cups were provided in each cage
with increasing bacterial density at 0, 2x105,
1x106, 5x106,
2.5x107 cells/mL (details in Table S2), which
correspond to the five columns (left to right) in each panel. Each line
connects the five egg counts in one cage. Colors represent the habitats
of the colonies. Multiple colonies from the same habitat in Rabai were
combined in this figure, and colony-wise results are shown in Figure S12
in the Appendix. A negative binomial model was used to fit the results
of each oviposition assay. The model estimates the mean number of eggs
in each bacterial density and a 95% confidence interval, shown by the
open circles and the error bars, respectively.