Fig. 12 Comparison of predicted and observed cycles to failure in cyclic
creep by the ductility exhaustion method of R5.
According to the above study on each component of strain under cyclic
creep, the mean values of the maximum strain and the recovery strains
during the stable stage can be obtained, and their difference can be
considered as the mean actual damage created per cycle\(\varepsilon_{m}^{\text{act}}\), as shown in Fig. 13.