Conclusion
The result of this study is to increase the credibility of the integrated GIS and statistical methodology to examine the groundwater health risk assessment of nitrate contamination and also assess its appropriateness for drinking as well as irrigation purposes.
Piper and Gibbs plot of the study area shows that the increasing action of weathering of parent rock, oxidation-reduction, ion exchange, mineral dissolution, such as calcite and dolomite dissolution, is the major factor that deteriorates the quality of groundwater.
Based on WQI value, about 53.33 % of the sample location is good, 26.67% of sample location is moderate, 13.33% of sample location is doubtful and 6.67% of sample locations (2 Stations) is an unsuitable class of water.
The results of the risk assessment 40 %, 50% and 53.33% of the sample location exceed the HQ value of greater than one for male, female, and children respectively. It indicates children and women are at higher risk than male through drinking water consumption.
All the irrigation indices show that most of the sample locations are suitable for irrigation, and few locations need monitoring before use. Statistical analysis of the study reveals that calcium, magnesium, chloride, and nitrate ions are highly influencing groundwater’s nature.
The result of the study provides the present nature and source of contamination in the study area. Local authority and people who work in water resources management need to conduct awareness programs to the farmer using organic fertilizers instead of synthetic fertilizers. This work will be very much helpful to future researchers in the field of human health risk assessment and artificial recharge management plan that ensures sustainable and non-carcinogenic appraisal of groundwater quality.