Correlation analysis
Pearson’s correlation matrix is widely used to identify the role of each water quality parameter and its impact on the deterioration of groundwater chemistry. The value of “R” varied from -1 to +1, and it indicates the positive value is a high correlation, and negative values are less correlation with each other (Umarani et al., 2019, Wagh et al., 2020, Yidana et al., 2018). In a study area, correlation coefficient analysis (Table.7) and scatter matrix plot (Fig.15) are reveals that, the pH has a negative correlation with EC, TDS, TH, Na, Ca, Mg, K Cl, SO4, NO3 and F, and positive correlation with CO32- (r2=0.31), HCO3- (r2=0.11) which indicates moderate correlation with each other parameters. The EC has a high positive correlation with TDS (r2=1.00), TH (r2=0.93), Ca2+(r2=0.88), Mg2+(r2=0.85), SO42-(r2=0.80) and NO3-(r2=0.74) and low positive correlate with Na+(r2=0.17), K+(r2=0.32), HCO3-(r2=0.59) and Cl-(r2=0.36). TDS has a positive correlation with TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and NO3- and negative correlation with CO32- (r2=0.33). TH has a high positive correlation with Ca2+(r2=0.94), Mg2+ (r2=0.92) and SO42+(r2=0.83) and negative correlation with CO32-(r2=0.29). It indicates the reverse ion exchange and weathering process dominating the nature of groundwater. Since NO3- positive correlate with Ca(r2=0.70) and Mg (r2=0.69), it shows that agriculture activities highly influence groundwater’s nature. SO42-has a high positive correlation with Mg (r2=0.86), indicating anthropogenic influence.