2.6 Hydro facial analysis
Piper (1994) proposed a graphical representation of analytical data to
understand the major ions influencing groundwater’s nature. The diagram
suggested that, two triangles of cations and anions, respectively, and
one diamond-shaped reveal that summarize both triangles. This pictorial
graph is drawn based on the water cations and anions in chemical
equilibrium. The piper diagram results show that alkaline earths exceed
alkaline, major other sources of contamination and problems need to be
answered by exhaustive studies of critical water quality in specific
sample locations.
2.7 Geochemical mechanics
Gibbs (1970) proposed a plot to identify groundwater geochemical
characteristics and evolution. It was widely used for groundwater
studies to establish the relationship of water composition and effects
of aquifer lithology in the nature of groundwater chemistry (Muniraj et
al., 2019 Umamaheswari et al., 2015). It gives an exact mechanism for
controlling the groundwater chemistry of a region. Precipitation,
evaporation, and rock water interaction are the three distinct fields in
a plot.