4. Results and Discussion
The enormous and efficient Finite element method is used to solve the set of converted ordinary differential equations of physical problem. The concentration, temperature and velocity distributions of Ag/SWCNT – Water based hybrid Maxwell nanoliquid for dissimilar values of pertinent parameters over a vertical cone under convective boundary conditions are illustrated in graphs from Figs. 2 – 25. The thermophysical properties of nanoparticles are shown in Table 1. Table 2 gives comparison between present results and existing results with good agreement.
The sway of magnetic parameter (M) on Ag/SWCNT – Water based hybrid Maxwell nanoliquids concentration, temperature and velocity distributions are portrayed in Figs. 2 – 4. Velocity sketches of Ag/SWCNT – Water based hybrid nanoliquid degenerates, whereas temperature and concentration sketches optimizes with upgrading values of (M). This is because of the presence of magnetic field produces Lorentz force which resists the motion of fluid, it causes optimization in the fluids both temperature and concentration sketches.
Figs. 5 – 8 describes the outlines of Ag/SWCNT – Water base hybrid nanoliquid velocity for diverse values of \((\phi 1)\) and \((\phi 2)\). With developing values of \((\phi 1)\) the velocity outlines elaborates in entire fluid regime (Fig. 5). The Ag/SWCNT – Water base hybrid nanoliquid velocity outlines abatement, nevertheless, the concentration and temperature outlines enlarges with step up values of \((\phi 2)\).
Dissimilarity nature in velocity, temperature and concentration sketches for diverse values of Buoyancy parameter \((Nr)\) is sketched in Figs. 9 – 11. The velocity sketches of Ag/SWCNT – Water based hybrid nanoliquid deteriorates, however, the temperature and concentration sketches hike with boosting values of \((Nr)\).
Figs. 12 – 14 are drawn to depict velocity, temperature and concentration outlines of Ag/SWCNT – Water base hybrid Maxwell nanoliquid for diverse values of Deborah number (\(\alpha\)). It is perceived that the velocity portraits truncates with up surging values of (\(\alpha\)), nevertheless, temperature and concentration portraits escalates as values of \(\alpha\) rises.
The consequence of Biot number (Bi) on velocity and temperature portraits of Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell nanoliquid is cognized in Figs. 15 and 16. It is can be found that velocity portraits slackens with cumulating values of (Bi), however, the temperature portraits maximizes with improving values of (Bi).
Fig. 17 characterized the sway of Radiation parameter (R) on temperature portraits of Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid. It is examined that temperature outlines upturns with improving values of (R). The influence of Prandtl number (Pr) on velocity and temperature outlines of Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell nanoliquids are summarized in Figs. 18 and 19. It is concluded that velocity outlines maximizes with rising values of (Pr), while, temperature outlines declines in entire fluid regime with improving values of (Pr).
Variations in concentration sketches for dissimilar values of Schmidt number (Sc) are depicted in Fig. 20 in Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid. The concentration sketches of Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid waning with enlarged values of Sc. It can be seen that from the Fig. 21 that the concentration sketches degenerates with upturn values of chemical reaction parameter (Cr). The impact of Cattaneo Christov heat flux parameter \((\beta)\) on the scatterings of concentration is cognized in Fig. 22 and investigated that deterioration in concentration sketches as \((\beta)\) values rises.
Figs. 23 – 25 demonstrated that influence of suction parameter (V0) on velocity, temperature and concentration sketches of Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid. It can be found that all the velocity, temperature and concentration sketches of Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid degenerates in entire fluid region with optimized values of (V0).
Table 3 reveals that values of\(\left(-f^{{}^{\prime\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\),\(\left({-\theta}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) and\(\left({-S}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) for dissimilar values of\(\ M,\phi_{1},\ \phi_{2},Nr,\alpha\) and \(\text{Bi}.\) Values of skin – friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rates impedes with rising values of \((M)\). Values of non-dimensional rates of velocity augmented, whereas, rates of heat and mass transfer diminishes as the values of \({(\phi}_{1})\) rises. Orderly, similar trend is happened in all skin – friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number values with growing values of \(\phi_{2},Nr,\alpha\) and Bi.
The sway of \(R,Pr,Sc,Cr,\beta\ \)and\(\ V0\) on Skin – friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number of Ag/SWCNT – Water based Maxwell hybrid nanoliquid is summarized in Table 4. It can be found that from Table 4 values of Skin – friction coefficient and Sherwood number escalates with improving values of R, whereas, values of Nusselt number waning as R values improves. The reverse trend is happened in values of \(\left(-f^{{}^{\prime\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\),\(\left({-\theta}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) and\(\left({-S}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) with step up values of Pr. As the values of Sc & Cr improves the values of\(\left(-f^{{}^{\prime\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\),\(\left({-\theta}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) and\(\left({-S}^{{}^{\prime}}\left(0\right)\right)\) elaborates. Finally, Rate of non-dimensional heat and mass transfer enlarges, nevertheless, the skin – friction coefficient values diminish with developing values of V0.