Data collection
Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, chest CT scanning features, outcomes, and medications were extracted from the electronic medical records. We followed laboratory-specific thresholds for all laboratory parameters and categorized each into two or three strata. To quantify the severity of pneumonia, we utilized two scores, i.e., confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥65 (CURB-65)9, and the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA)10.