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Figure Legends
Fig 1 The different types of decidua (decidua parietalis,
capsularis and basalis) and the intimate association between the
developing embryo and the placental tissue. Decidua basalis develops
from the endometrium that immediately lies under the site of
implantation while as decidua capsularis originate from the thin
endometrial stroma rim that covers the blastocyst. The endometrium that
lines remaining part of uterine cavity forms decidua parietalis. Decidua
provides nutrition to the growing embryo before the formation of
placenta and more importantly plays a key role in shielding embryo from
the maternal immune cell attack
Fig 2 Micrographic representation of stromal decidual cells.
These cells are large polygonal with nuclei that stain pale and possess
eosinophilic granular cytoplasm
Fig 3 A preparatory pathway for embryo implantation and
pregnancy. Decidualization that begins during the menstrual cycle
(midsecretory phase) in response to increased estrogen and progesterone
levels involves the transformation of endometrial stromal cells into
decidual cells in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory milieu via retinoid
and corticosteroid signaling pathway reprogramming as well as regulates
the specific uNK cells (CD56 bright and CD16 dim) that in turn control
inflammation, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling via IL15 and IL11.
The inflammatory responses synchronize the implantation window. IL11 is
stimulated by relaxin and PGE2 via cAMP/PKA signaling pathway whereas
prokineticin-1 triggers it via calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway and
this cytokine is linked with decidualization, implantation and
placentation.
Table 1 Overview of cytokines with their nature and cellular source