Study cohort
The study included seven patients with refractory acute leukemia: two
males and five females aged 3 to 16 years. Five of the patients were
diagnosed with ALL (four BCP-ALL and one T-ALL ) and two with AML (one
de novo and one sAML after previous treatment of BCP-ALL). All patients
had active disease, i.e., > 5% of leukemic blasts in bone
marrow at the time of enrollment. One patient had primary refractory
disease and never achieved complete remission before the first course of
CloEC. One patient had a very early relapse of T-ALL (while on
treatment) and was recruited directly to the study. The remaining
patients had either first or subsequent refractory relapse and had
failed two or more lines of treatment, in two patients including
allogeneic HSCT. Characteristics of the patients are presented in Table
1.