References
1. Barbarot S, Auziere S, Gadkari A, et al. Epidemiology of atopic
dermatitis in adults: Results from an international survey.Allergy. 2018;73(6):1284-1293.
2. Fu T, Keiser E, Linos E, et al. Eczema and sensitization to common
allergens in the United States: a multiethnic, population-based study.Pediatric dermatology. 2014;31(1):21-26.
3. Ahn K. The role of air pollutants in atopic dermatitis. The
Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2014;134(5):993-999.
4. Johansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, et al. Revised nomenclature for
allergy for global use: Report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of
the World Allergy Organization, October 2003. The Journal of
allergy and clinical immunology. 2004;113(5):832-836.
5. Tanei R, Hasegawa Y. Atopic dermatitis in older adults: A viewpoint
from geriatric dermatology. Geriatrics & gerontology
international. 2016;16 Suppl 1:75-86.
6. Huls A, Abramson MJ, Sugiri D, et al. Nonatopic eczema in elderly
women: Effect of air pollution and genes. The Journal of allergy
and clinical immunology. 2019;143(1):378-385.e379.
7. Annesi-Maesano I, Moreau D, Caillaud D, et al. Residential proximity
fine particles related to allergic sensitisation and asthma in primary
school children. Respiratory Medicine. 2007;101(8):1721-1729.
8. Niwa Y, Sumi H, Kawahira K, Terashima T, Nakamura T, Akamatsu H.
Protein oxidative damage in the stratum corneum: Evidence for a link
between environmental oxidants and the changing prevalence and nature of
atopic dermatitis in Japan. The British journal of dermatology.2003;149(2):248-254.
9. Sticozzi C, Belmonte G, Pecorelli A, et al. Cigarette smoke affects
keratinocytes SRB1 expression and localization via H2O2 production and
HNE protein adducts formation. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33592.
10. Matheson MC, Abramson MJ, Allen K, et al. Cohort Profile: The
Tasmanian Longitudinal Health STUDY (TAHS). International journal
of epidemiology. 2017;46(2):407-408i.
11. Bowatte G, Lodge CJ, Knibbs LD, et al. Traffic related air pollution
and development and persistence of asthma and low lung function.Environment International. 2018;113:170-176.
12. Karner AA, Eisinger DS, Niemeier DA. Near-Roadway Air Quality:
Synthesizing the Findings from Real-World Data. Environmental
Science & Technology. 2010;44(14):5334-5344.
13. Knibbs LD, Hewson MG, Bechle MJ, Marshall JD, Barnett AG. A national
satellite-based land-use regression model for air pollution exposure
assessment in Australia. Environmental Research.2014;135:204-211.
14. EPA N. Air emissions inventory for the greater metropolitan region
in New South Wales. 2008 Calendar Year. Consolidated Natural and
Human-Made Emissions: Results. 2012;1.
15. Knibbs LD, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, et al. Satellite-Based
Land-Use Regression for Continental-Scale Long-Term Ambient PM2.5
Exposure Assessment in Australia. Environ Sci Technol.2018;52(21):12445-12455.
16. Broome RA, Powell J, Cope ME, Morgan GG. The mortality effect of
PM2.5 sources in the Greater Metropolitan Region of Sydney, Australia.Environment International. 2020;137:105429.
17. Asher MI, Keil U, Anderson HR, et al. International Study of Asthma
and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. Eur
Respir J. 1995;8(3):483-491.
18. Smith W. Skin Prick Testing for the Diagnosis of Allergic Disease–A
Manual for Practitioners. Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology
and Allergy (ASCIA). In:2019.
19. Anderson HR, Ruggles R, Pandey KD, et al. Ambient particulate
pollution and the world-wide prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis
and eczema in children: Phase One of the International Study of Asthma
and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Occup Environ Med.2010;67(5):293-300.
20. Watanabe M, Noma H, Kurai J, et al. Association of Short-Term
Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter with Skin Symptoms in
Schoolchildren: A Panel Study in a Rural Area of Western Japan.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(3):299.
21. Montnemery P, Nihlén U, Göran Löfdahl C, Nyberg P, Svensson A.
Prevalence of self-reported eczema in relation to living environment,
socio-economic status and respiratory symptoms assessed in a
questionnaire study. BMC Dermatol. 2003;3:4-4.
22. Tang KT, Ku KC, Chen DY, Lin CH, Tsuang BJ, Chen YH. Adult atopic
dermatitis and exposure to air pollutants-a nationwide population-based
study. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official
publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.2017;118(3):351-355.
23. Kim Y-M, Kim J, Han Y, Jeon B-H, Cheong H-K, Ahn K. Short-term
effects of weather and air pollution on atopic dermatitis symptoms in
children: A panel study in Korea. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175229.
24. Lee Y-L, Su H-J, Sheu H-M, Yu H-S, Guo YL. Traffic-Related Air
Pollution, Climate, and Prevalence of Eczema in Taiwanese School
Children. Journal of Investigative Dermatology.2008;128(10):2412-2420.
25. Brasche S, Bischof W. Daily time spent indoors in German homes –
Baseline data for the assessment of indoor exposure of German occupants.International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2005;208(4):247-253.
26. Bannister MJ, Freeman S. Adult-onset atopic dermatitis.Australasian Journal of Dermatology. 2000;41(4):225-228.
27. Gilmour MI, Jaakkola MS, London SJ, Nel AE, Rogers CA. How exposure
to environmental tobacco smoke, outdoor air pollutants, and increased
pollen burdens influences the incidence of asthma. Environ Health
Perspect. 2006;114(4):627-633.
28. Wagner N, Rudert M. Sensitivity and specificity of standardised
allergen extracts in skin prick test for diagnoses of IgE-mediated
respiratory allergies. Clinical and Translational Allergy.2019;9(1):8.
29. Wyler C, Braun-Fahrlander C, Kunzli N, et al. Exposure to motor
vehicle traffic and allergic sensitization. The Swiss Study on Air
Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) Team.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass). 2000;11(4):450-456.
30. Bowatte G, Lodge CJ, Knibbs LD, et al. Traffic-related air pollution
exposure is associated with allergic sensitization, asthma, and poor
lung function in middle age. The Journal of allergy and clinical
immunology. 2017;139(1):122-129 e121.
31. Mortimer K, Neugebauer R, Lurmann F, Alcorn S, Balmes J, Tager I.
Early-lifetime exposure to air pollution and allergic sensitization in
children with asthma. J Asthma. 2008;45(10):874-881.
32. Pujades-Rodríguez M, McKeever T, Lewis S, Whyatt D, Britton J, Venn
A. Effect of traffic pollution on respiratory and allergic disease in
adults: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. BMC Pulmonary
Medicine. 2009;9(1):42.
33. Bowler RP, Crapo JD. Oxidative stress in allergic respiratory
diseases. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.2002;110(3):349-356.
34. Liu Q, Wu J, Song J, et al. Particulate matter 2.5 regulates lipid
synthesis and inflammatory cytokine production in human SZ95 sebocytes.Int J Mol Med. 2017;40(4):1029-1036.
35. Hendricks AJ, Eichenfield LF, Shi VY. The impact of airborne
pollution on atopic dermatitis: a literature review. British
Journal of Dermatology. 2020;183(1):16-23.
36. Flohr C, Weinmayr G, Weiland SK, et al. How well do questionnaires
perform compared with physical examination in detecting flexural eczema?
Findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in
Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Two. The British journal of dermatology.2009;161(4):846-853.
Tables (each table complete with title and footnotes);
Table 1. Characteristics of participants
included. (N=3153)