3.9. Adverse Events
106 participants have reported 17 different adverse reactions in five of the ten included studies20,32,34,37,38. We classified all reported adverse reactions into three categories: gastrointestinal symptoms, physical pain, and other adverse events (Table 2).
Gastrointestinal symptoms. Of the four studies that included 253 participants, 38 reported adverse reactions to gastrointestinal symptoms. Among them, 20 participants reported abdominal pain in four studies20,32,34; five participants reported nausea in two studies; two participants reported constipation in one study20; one participant increased in appetite, seven reported diarrheas in two studies18,20; one reported an epigastric problem, and one reported flatulence in one study20.
Physical pains . Of the three studies that included 221 participants, 43 reported adverse reactions to physical pain18,20,34. Based on the study research on red clover isoflavones by Lipovac et.al. (2010)18, nine participants reported headache, 18 participants reported myalgia and 12 participants reported Arthralgia. In the study of soy isoflavones by Rilvaet. al. (2009), two participants reported headache and one reported pain breast. One participant reported headache with Schisandra Chinensis treatment in Park et.al. (2016)34.
Other events. Of the three studies that included 221 participants, 23 reported adverse reactions to other events. In the study of red clover isoflavone researched by Lipovac et.al. (2010)18, 19 participants reported cold or upper respiratory tract18. One participant reported tremor of extremities, insomnia, and generalized rash in Cagnacci et.al. (2003)20. One participant reported infection with daidzein isoflavone in Ishiwata et.al. (2009)32.