Forced swim test
The FST procedure was conducted according to our previous study(Ding, Cui et al., 2021). On the pretest day, each rat was individually placed for 15 minutes into a 25cm diameter×60 cm high Plexiglas cylinder filled with 24±1°C water to a depth of 40 cm. On the test day, the rat was placed into the same cylinder again and recorded for 5 minutes. The water was changed between testing sessions. Behavior was recorded by two video cameras (one on top and one on the side). After the experiment, rats were removed from the water, dried with a towel, and returned to their home cage. The videotapes were analysed by a researcher who was blinded to each rat’s treatment condition. Immobility was defined as the minimum movement necessary to keep the rat’s head above the water. Increased immobility time indicated a state of helplessness.