Outcomes
The primary pregnancy outcome was neonatal complications, including premature birth and low birth weight (LBW). Secondary outcomes were obstetric complications, including gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), placental abruption, placenta previa, cesarean section (C/S), and length of hospital stay after surgery. Patient characteristics such as maternal age and parity were evaluated using the KNHI claims database. The length of hospital stay after surgery and the time interval between surgery and delivery were also measured.