2. Methods
This cross-sectional study included 120 women with HT. Women with HT were divided into two groups, fertile women (n=75), and women with unexplained infertility (n=45). Patients were recruited from outpatient clinics of the Endocrinology Unit of Internal Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. Diagnosis HT was obtained based on clinical findings, positive serum antibodies; TPO Ab and/or Tg Ab.
Inclusion Criteria: Adult females suffer from both HT and UEI
  1. Diagnosis of HT: All participants underwent complete history taking, thorough clinical examination, full clinical assessment and anthropometric measures. Thyroid function tests assessed thyroid dysfunction.
  2. Diagnosis of UEI: Infertility is customarily defined as the inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse. The infertility evaluation is typically initiated after 1 year of trying to conceive, but in couples with advanced female age (> 35 years), most practitioners initiate diagnostic evaluation after an inability to conceive for 6 months. The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) published guidelines for a necessary infertility evaluation; It includes a semen analysis, assessment of ovulation, a hysterosalpingogram, tests for ovarian reserve and laparoscopy. If the results of a standard infertility evaluation are normal, a diagnosis of unexplained infertility is made. Ovarian volume and antral follicular count (AFC) were evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) [9].
Exclusion criteria for all women included a history of hyperandrogenic states (such as non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumors, Cushing’s syndrome, or 21-hydroxylase deficiency), hypertension, liver or kidney diseases. Also, we excluded patients with a history of myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, pregnancy, and diabetes.