3.1 Plant material
The cores allowed assessing the presence of brown wood-streaking and rotted wood in the trunk. The fungal taxa listed in table 1 were isolated. In particular, from woody tissue with brown wood-streaking were always isolated Pa. chlamydospora and Pm. minimum , while F. mediterranea was associated only with rotted wood. Other micromycetes, including Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., sterile fungi and few no identified species, were also detected from diseased vines. Species of Penicillium and Alternaria were ‘contaminant’ from cores of HV.
Symptoms were recorded on leaves and berries (Fig. 1) of diseased vines. Leaf symptoms start as light green or chlorotic, irregular areas between the main veins or along the leaf margin. The chlorotic areas gradually expand and coalesce, becoming in part necrotic. At the CC and BR phenological phases, the typical “tiger-stripes” patterns were noted on leaves of BWSV and with BWSWRV. Berries symptoms include minute dark brown, violet or purple spots on the skin, shrivelling and sometimes wilt (Fig. 1C-E). On plants infected even with F. mediterraneacracking of trunk (Fig. 1F) were recorded. Healthy vines, used as a control, show neither foliar symptoms nor any sign that they might have wood or berries alterations. No apoplexy was recorded on selected vines during the survey.