Chen et al (2020) [6]
|
Brief Review |
Convalescent Plasma |
Suppress viremia which peaks in first week of
illness |
Dong et al (2020) [7]
|
a) In vitro
b) In vitro
c) In vitro
d) In vitro
e) In vitro
|
INF alpha,
Lopinavir /Ritonavir, Ribavirin , Chloroquine, Arborol
Favipiravir
Remedesivir
Darunavir
Imatinib
|
SARS-CoV Reproduction inhibit
Anti-influenza drug, RNA polymerase inhibitor
Nucleoside analogue
HIV Protease inhibitor, inhibit viral replication
blocks the fusion of virus with endosomal membrane
|
Cortegiani et al (2020) [8]
|
Brief review |
Chloroquine |
increase endosomal pH and interfere with the glycosylation
of cellular receptor of SARS-CoV results in blocking virus infection.
Enhances antiviral effect in vivo via immune modulant
effect |
Stebbing et al (2020) [9]
|
a) Brief review
b) Brief review
|
Baricitinib, fedratinib, ruxolitinib
Sunitinib, erlotinib,
|
JAK STAT signaling inhibitor effective against elevated levels of
cytokines
NAK inhibitor, reduce viral infection in vitro
|
XU et al [10]
|
Screening |
Tocilizumab |
Binds
sIL-6R and mIL-6R and inhibit signal transduction |
Caly et al (2020) [11]
|
In vitro |
Ivermectin |
Inhibits replication of SARS –CoV-2 |
Monteil et al [12]
|
In vitro |
Human recombinant
soluble ACE-2 |
Blocks growth of SARS-CoV-2 |
Gurwitz et al (2020) [13]
|
Review |
Losartan |
Angiotensin receptor blocker (AT1R), increases ACE expression in SARS
–CoV-2 patient |
Chen et al (2020) [14]
|
In vitro |
Ledipasvir,
Velpatasvir, Sofosbuvir, Etoposide, Diosmin, Hespiridin |
Block enzyme
and the active site of SARS-CoV-2 |
Wang et al (2020) [15]
|
In vitro |
Human
monoclonal antibody |
Targeting trimeric spike (S) glycoprotein of
SARS-CoV-2 |
Liu et al (2020) [16]
|
In vitro |
Hydroxychloroquine |
Antiviral less toxic derivative of
CQ |
Dong et al (2020) [17]
|
a) In vitro
b) In vitro and clinical
c)Clinical
d)In vitro and clinical
e) In vitro
f) In vitro
g) Animal experiments
h) In vitro
|
INF alpha
Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Ribavirin
Chloroquine
Arbidol
Favipiravir
Remdesivir
Darunavir
|
Inhibits SARS CoV reproduction. FDA approved antiviral-broad spectrum
drug used to treat hepatitis
Anti SARS CoV activity
Nucleoside analog with broad spectrum antiviral activity
Anti-malarial blocks SARS CoV infection at low micro molar concentration
Antiviral drug used to treat influenza and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection
Anti influenza drug having RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor
activity
Broad spectrum antiviral drug act as nucleoside analog reduce viral load
in lung tissue
Second generation of HIV 1 protease inhibitor inhibit SARS CoV
infection
|
Nicholas Moore [18]
|
In vitro and experimental
data |
Chloroquine |
Inhibit corona virus replication |
Ali Rismanbaf [19]
|
Review
|
Chloroquine, Remdesivir, Teicoplanin,
Lopinavir, Remdesivir, Atazanavir, Efavirenz Ritonavir, Lithium, ACE
inhibitors and many others
|
Reduce viral infection due to SARS CoV 2
|
Sanders et al [20]
|
a) In vitro
b) In vitro
c)In vitro
d)In vitro
e) In vitro
f) In vitro
g) In vitro
|
Chloroquine phosphate
Hydroxychloroquine
Sulfate
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Makeover
Remdesivir
Favipiravir
Tocilizumab
|
Blockade of viral entry via Inhibition of glycosylation of host
receptors, endosomal acidification, and proteolytic processing
Immunomodulatory
effects through autophagy inhibition of cytokine production, and
lysosomal activity in host cells
Hydroxychloroquine
shares the same
mechanism of action
as chloroquine
3CL protease
S protein/ACE2,
membrane fusion
inhibitor
RNA polymerase inhibitor
RNA polymerase inhibitor
IL-6 inhibition- reduction
in cytokine storm
|
Yavuz et al (2020) [21]
|
a) In vitro and clinical trial
b) In vitro and clinical trial
c)In vitro and clinical trial
d)In vitro and clinical trial
E) In vitro and clinical trial
f) In vitro
g) In vitro
|
Remdesivir
Favipiravir
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Hydroxychloroquine
Chloroquine
Nitazoxanide
Ivermectin
|
Adenosine nucleotide analogue, prodrug, RdRp inhibitor
Guanosinenucleotid analogue, prodrug, RdRp inhibitor
Protease inhibitor
Increase pH of endosomes required for virus
cell fusion and block the
glycosylation of cellular receptors of ACE-2
Increase pH of endosomes required for virus
cell fusion and block the
glycosylation of cellular receptors of ACE-2
Amplifying cytoplasmic RNA sensing, Interference with host-regulated
pathways
involved in viral replication, and interfere with type I IFN
pathways
Inhibit importin 1 heterodimer thus block nuclear import of host and
viral protein
|
Gautret et al (2020) [22]
|
a) non-randomized clinical trial
b) non-randomized clinical trial
|
Hydroxychloroquine
Azithromycin
|
Increase pH of endosomes required for virus
cell fusion and block the
glycosylation of cellular receptors of ACE-2
In vitro effective against Ebola and Zika virus, combined with
hydroxychloroquine to inhibit SARS CoV 2 activity
|
Gao et al [23]
|
Brief review |
Chloroquine
phosphate |
Anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activity |
Casadevall et al [24]
|
Perspective |
Convalescent
sera |
Passive immunity |
Guo et al [25]
|
Review |
Serum. Remdesivir, IgG,
Chloroquine, IFN-alpha, IL-6, Lopinavir/ritonavir |
Autophagy
inhibition, interference with receptor glycosylation |
Zhao et al [26]
|
In vitro study |
Plasma |
Antibody response detection in COVID patients |
Yao et al [27]
|
In vitro study |
Chloroquine,
Hydroxychloroquine |
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 |
Fu et al [28]
|
Review |
Immunoglobulins |
FcR
activation blockage |
Vincent et al [29]
|
In vitro study |
Chloroquine |
SARS-CoV-2 inhibition |
Zhang et al [30]
|
Structural X-ray analysis |
Alpha ketomide inhibitor |
Inhibition of M protease |
H Zhang et al [31]
|
Review |
Camostat Mesylate |
Protease inhibitor |
Nguyen et al [32]
|
Perspective |
CRISPR/Cas13d
technology
|
Functional
disruption of the virus |
Bouadma et al [33]
|
Review |
Remdesivir,
corticosteroids |
Anti-inflammatory effects |
Poe et al [34]
|
In vivo, in vitro and clinical
trials |
N-Acetylcysteine |
Anti-oxidant and increase glutathione
synthesis thus decreasing viral load, anti-inflammatory |
Bimonte et al [35]
|
a) In vitro and clinical trial
b) In vitro and clinical trial
c)In vitro and clinical trial
d)Review
e) In vitro and clinical trial
|
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Ribavirin
Chloroquine phosphate
Remdesivir
Neuraminidase inhibitors
Tocilizumab
|
Protease inhibitor
Nucleoside anlog inhibiting viral replication and protein synthesis
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2
Adenosine nucleotide analogue, prodrug, RdRp inhibitor
Block neuraminidase enzyme
Recombinant humanized
monoclonal antibody binding to IL 6 receptors both soluble and membrane
bounded
|
ANDREOU et al [36]
|
a)In vitro
b)In vitro
c)In vitro
d)In vitro
|
Copper and
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
Remdesivir
Colchicine
Nitric Oxide (NO)
|
Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory
RNA polymerase inhibitor
anti-inflammatory
Vasodilatory effects on pulmonary vessels
|
Lopes et al [37]
|
Randomized trial
|
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin
receptor blockers
|
Decreasing the production of angiotensin and blocking its receptors,
reduces lung injury
|
Ayaz et al [38]
|
In vitro
|
Polycomb
inhibitors
|
Plays a role in modulating viral replication by
inhibiting replication of viruses
|
Shu et al [39]
|
In vitro
|
Bismuth Salts
|
Inhibit both the NTPase and RNA helicase activities
of SARS-CoV-2
|
Palanques-Pastor et al [40]
|
Clinical trial |
siltuximab |
IL-6 blockers |
Pandey et al [41]
|
a) In vitro
b) Clinical trial
c)Clinical trial
d)Clinical trial
e) Clinical trial
f) Clinical trial
g) In vitro
h) In vitro
i)In vitro
j) Review
k) In vitro
l)In vitro
m)In vitro
n) In vitro
o) In vitro
p) In vitro
q) In vitro and clinical trial
r) In vitro
s) In vitro
t) Clinical trial
u) In vitro
|
Metal ions
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Lopinavir and Ritonavir
Remdesivir
Ribavirin
Arbidol
Favipiravir
Darunavir
Oseltamivir
Interferons
Azithromycin
Teicoplanin
Sirolimus
Baricitinib
Cyclosporine
Tocilizumab
Ivermectin
ACE 2 inhibitors
Convalescent plasma
Tetracycline
|
Protease inhibitor
Inhibit COVID 19
Same as Chloroquine
Protease inhibitor
Adenosine nucleotide analog inhibit viral replication
Viral protein synthesis inhibitor
Viricidal
RNA polymerase inhibitor
Inhibit viral replication
Prevent release of virus from infected cell
SARS CoV 2 inhibitors
Interferes with viral entry
Inhibits viral entry
Inhibit IL 2 dependent lymphocyte proliferation by inhibiting mammalian
kinase
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor
Reduce viral load by binding with RNA dependent RNA polymerase of virus
Recombinant humanized
monoclonal antibody
Inhibit viral replication
Blocking viral entry
Suppress viremia
Antiviral activity, Decreases severity of infection
|
Ibáñez et al [42]
|
In vitro and clinical trial |
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine |
Inhibit viral entry and
anti-inflammatory |
Rilinger et al [43]
|
Perspective |
Tocilizumab |
Anti-inflammatory |
Sarma et al [44]
|
Clinical trial |
Hydroxychloroquine |
Blocks viral infection |
Wilde et al [45]
|
In vitro
|
Cyclosporin A
|
Inhibited coronavirus
replication
|
Abeygunasekera et al [46]
|
Brief review |
Diethylcarbamazine |
Immune modulatory, Enhance antibody production,
antiviral activity |
Biembengut et al [47]
|
In silico approach. |
Coagulation modifiers |
Targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Mpro |
Irvani et al [48]
|
Perspective
|
Interferon Beta 1a,
compared to Interferon Beta 1b
|
|
Tan et al [49]
|
In vitro |
Betaferon, Alferon,
Multiferon, Wellferon, and ribavirin |
Inhibit cytopathic effect in SARS
CoV 2 |
Chu et al [50]
|
In vitro |
Lopinavir/ritonavir |
Inhibit cytopathic effect of the SARS CoV2 |
Vellingiri et al [51]
|
a) Brief review
b) Brief review
c)Brief review
d)Brief review
e) Brief review
f) Brief review
g) Brief review
|
Ribavirin
Sofosbuvir
Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Remidesivir
Chloroquine
Favipiravir
Indian medicinal plant
|
Inhibit RNA polymerase of the virus
Nucleotide polymerase inhibitor
Protease inhibitor
Causes premature termination by entering the nascent viral RNA
Immune modulating properties
Anti-viral drug
Provide raw material for antiviral effects
|
W Zhang et al [52]
|
a) Brief review
b) Brief review
c)Brief review
d)Brief review
|
Glucocorticoids
Tocilizumab
JAK inhibitors
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
|
Immunomodulatory therapy
Recombinant humanized
monoclonal antibody binding with IL 6 receptors
Interferes with cytokine and reduce inflammation
Block viral entry into the cell
|
Torre et al [53]
|
Clinical trial |
Colchicine |
Causes tubulin disruption, anti-inflammatory |
Rosenberg et al [54]
|
Retrospective multicenter
cohort study of patients |
Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin |
Suppression of the activity of SARS CoV 2 |
YE et al [55]
|
Clinical trial |
Convalescent
plasma |
Reduce viremia |
Yang Z et al [56]
|
Clinical trial |
Dexamethasone |
Anti-inflammatory |