2.5 Definition of Terms
Chronic Renal Disease was defined as creatinine clearance or GFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 13
Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP)≥140 mmHg and or diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≥90 mmHg or both or concomitant use of antihypertensive medications19. Obesity was assessed as defined by WHO7 using BMI>30kg/m2 Diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0mmol/L (126mg/dl) or 2-hmmol/L (200mg/dl) as recommended by WHO20. The metabolic syndrome and dylipidaemia were evaluated using the metabolic syndrome – National Cholesterol Evaluation Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (MS- NCEP ATP III)21. Proteinuria was present if 1+ and above was considered significant using urine strips. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes definition and classification ie kidney damage for ≥3 months manifested as functional or structural abnormality of the kidney1. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the CKD-EPI formualr22 and MDRD23. Hemoglobin levels <12/g/dl for female subjects and <13g/dl for male subjects were considered to indicate anemia24.