Variables All Semi-urban Rural ( x2 P-value
Prevalence of risk factors for CKD - - - - -
Hypertension 26.1 30.1 18.9 5.52 <0.001
Male 28.1 30.8 23.1 2.03 <0.05
Female 24.3 29.5 15.4 14.4 <0.001
Dyslipidaemia 44.9 48.5 38.5 4.11 <0.001
Male 41.7 43.4 38.6 1.11 >0.10
Female 47.7 53.2 38.4 5.03 <0.001
5.9 5.7 6.2 0.41 >0.5
6.8 6.8 6.9 0.043 >0.5
5.1 4.7 5.8 0.78 >0.1
Metabolic syndrome 10.4 12.3 7.0 2.79 <0.001
Male 6.6 7.5 5.1 1.18 >0.1
Female 13.6 16.4 8.7 4.14 <0.001
Proteinuria 3.7 4.4 2.6 2.44 <0.05
Male 5.0 5.3 4.4 0.48 >0.5
Female 2.6 3.5 1.1 2.90 <0.01
Prevalence of CKD 11.4 11.7 11.1 0.37 >0.5
Male 13.1 13.7 12.0 0.06 >0.5
Female 10.0 9.8 10.4 0.33 >0.5