Interventions:
All ICU patients were evaluated for the risk of ARC development, using
ARC and Augmented Renal Clearance in Trauma Intensive Care (ARCTIC)
scoring systems (Table 1) [4, 19] on the first day of admission. For
patients who categorized as high risk based on scoring systems, 12-hour
urine collection was requested. Patients with confirmed ARC, based on
12-hour urine CrCl, who received standard doses of meropenem (1g or 2g
every 8 hours, infused over 4-hr) based on the physician in charge
decision, enrolled in the study. After 48 hours, at the steady-state
time, two blood samples gathered from each participant. The first sample
obtained 60 minutes after the end of the meropenem infusion (peak
concentration (Cpeak)) and the second one attained 30 minutes before
receiving the next dose (trough concentration (Ctrough)). Blood samples
were immediately centrifuged for 15 min at 4000 g, and serum was stored
at -80°C for later analysis.