Conclusion
Our findings indicate the importance of proximal factors (e.g. male
gender, sicker children e.g. those hospitalize, medial factors (e.g.
caregiver tobacco use) and distal factors (e.g. educational attainment,
economic stability, nutritional status) in childhood PTB. Our results
underscore important entry points to leverage in future interventions.
Current, childhood TB interventions are primarily focused on the
continuum of care in terms of prevention, adherence and treatment. While
these are critical components in achieving TB prevention, our findings
suggest that other entry points include a more holistic family approach
such as the impact of distal factors on childhood TB. Future
interventions may need to target subgroups of children and families who
are elevated risk for TB diagnosis and treatment. Within TB endemic
settings, screening for risk factors such as psychological distress or
tobacco counseling among caregivers with children who are at high risk
for TB or who have TB, as well as provision of social protection
programs to bolster economic security may be critical in limiting
children’s exposure to TB risk factors.
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