Meso level (systems or organisations)
This level includes systems’ or organisations’ barriers focused on
education, training, resources, services, policies, and culture of
organisations. Systemic and organisational factors such as time
constraints, insufficient organisation resources, poor dissemination,
and lack of access to research were the highest common reported
barriers.19,28,29,31,32,35 Insufficient resources in
the form of material and equipment required for the implementation of
research and inadequate facilities to conduct research were reported in
three studies 28-30,33-35.
Inadequate organisational support was the second most frequently cited
barrier for translating evidence into practice. Lack of workforce was
reported as a challenge to translating evidence into
practice.31 Insufficient staffing was linked with
difficulties of staff to find an appropriate time at work for searching
and reading research papers, articles, and guidelines because of heavy
workloads.31 Other barriers specific to the
translation of knowledge to nursing practice were reported, including a
lack of research training courses,31 and dearth of
interaction among educational and clinical
environments.31
Institutional support for the translation of evidence into practice can
come through development capacity-building
workshops,28 dissemination of main research findings
across organisations,19,33 and budgeting for research
activities such as face-to-face meetings. Another important facilitator
was the development of a pathway of communication to build a shared
understanding of the work.35