Micro-level (individuals)
Personal barriers focused on healthcare professionals abilities to conduct, read, use, or translate evidence into clinical practice. Findings revealed that a lack of professionals engagement in research and lack of time or insufficient critical appraisal skills and an inability of healthcare professionals to utilise the research findings and recommendations into clinical practice were the most common individual-levels challenges.28,31 Moreover, the inability of healthcare professionals to use a computer to search and access research databases 32,35 was considered a challenge for professionals seeking to update their knowledge and skills in research and created an obstacle in the translation of research evidence into practice.
Other barriers, such as the unfamiliarity of professionals with evidence-based practice,31 lack of interest to update knowledge,35 and mistrust of professional of the value of research 32,35 were further barriers identified at the individual level. Further to the inability of healthcare professionals to interpret findings from studies, there was an inability to understand statistical measures utilised in research.30
The facilitators for overcoming the challenges on the mico-level were the motivation of healthcare professionals,29 and the interest in study findings, alongside suitable packaging and targeted communication of results. 33