Normal range All patients (n=59) Non-severe patients (n=33) Severe patients (n=26) p value
White blood cell count, × 10⁹/L 4.00-10.00 6.66 (4.54-9.61) 5.98 (3.71-7.43) 9.27 (5.86-12.83) 0.002
<4 13 (22%) 9 (27%) 4 (15%) 0.004
4–10 33 (56%) 22 (67%) 11 (42%)
>10 13 (22%) 2 (6%) 11 (43%)
Neutrophil count, × 10⁹/L 1.80-6.30 4.50 (2.73-7.99) 4.12 (2.36-5.42) 8.16 (3.90-12.00) 0.001
Lymphocyte count, × 10⁹/L 1.10-3.20 0.84 (0.53-1.44) 1.14 (0.80-1.73) 0.56 (0.28-0.76) 0.000
<1·1 38 (64%) 16 (48%) 22 (85%) 0.004
≥1·1 21 (36%) 17 (52%) 4 (15%)
Macrophages, × 10⁹/L 0.10-0.60 0.51 (0.35-0.63) 0.51 (0.36-0.66) 0.52 (0.33-0.63) 0.891
Eosinophil count, × 10⁹/L 0.02-0.52 0.02 (0.00-0.08) 0.04 (0.02-0.11) 0.00 (0.00-0.02) 0.000
<0.02 27 (46%) 8 (24%) 19 (73%) 0.000
≥0.02 32 (54%) 25 (76%) 7 (27%)
Basophils, × 10⁹/L 0.00-0.10 0.01 (0.01-0.03) 0.01 (0.01-0.03) 0.01 (0.01-0.03) 0.657
Haemoglobin, g/L 130.0-175.0 129.0 (112.0-139.0) 134.0 (116.5-141.0) 125.5 (109.0-134.8) 0.184
Platelet count, × 10⁹/L 125.0-350.0 213.0 (143.0-272.0) 216.0 (166.0-279.5) 176.0 (85.5-244.5) 0.145
<125 10 (17%) 2 (6%) 8 (31%) 0.012
≥125 49 (83%) 31 (94%) 18 (69%)
Ferritin, µg/L 30-400 534.60 (219.80-1355.63) 293.55 (201.90-581.00) 1264.20 (577.45-1889.55) 0.004
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mm/H 0-15 31.50 (15.00-59.75) 40.00 (16.50-59.50) 26.00 (15.00-74.00) 0.872
D-dimer, µg/mL ≤0·5 1.73 (0.49-2.74) 0.65 (0.40-2.17) 2.69 (1.44-8.99) 0.001
≤0·5 14/57 (25%) 12/31 (39%) 2 (8%) 0.001
>0·5 to ≤1 7/57 (12%) 6/31 (19%) 1 (4%)
>1 36/57 (63%) 13/31 (42%) 23 (88%)
Creatine kinase, U/L ≤190 85.50 (47.50-196.00) 65.00 (38.00-162.25) 127.00 (60.50-446.50) 0.065
Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L 135-225 260.00 (223.00-471.00) 230.00 (200.00-280.00) 471.00 (291.00-628.00) 0.000
≤225 15 (25%) 14 (42%) 1 (4%) 0.001
>225 44 (75%) 19 (58%) 25 (96%)
Hypersensitive troponin I, pg/mL ≤34.2 7.60 (3.03-44.70) 4.10 (1.95-14.15) 33.40 (4.55-281.85) 0.001
≤34.2 40/54 (74%) 27/29 (93%) 13/25 (52%) 0.001
>34.2 14/54 (26%) 2/29 (7%) 12/25 (48%)
Alanine aminotransferase, U/L ≤41 24.00 (15.00-40.00) 22.00 (14.00-39.50) 24.50 (17.50-69.00) 0.205
≤41 45 (76%) 27 (82%) 18 (69%) 0.259
>41 14 (24%) 6 (18%) 8 (31%)
Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L ≤40 32.00 (19.00-50.00) 23.00 (18.50-39.50) 45.50 (21.50-89.25) 0.003
≤40 37 (63%) 26 (79%) 11 (42%) 0.004
>40 22 (37%) 7 (21%) 15 (58%)
Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L 3.6-9.5 5.10 (3.80-8.30) 4.70 (3.75-5.60) 7.90 (4.50-15.15) 0.004
≤9.5 47 (80%) 32 (97%) 15 (58%) 0.000
>9.5 12 (20%) 1 (3%) 11 (42%)
Creatinine, μmol/L 59-104 74.00 (61.00-94.00) 72.00 (61.00-86.50) 80.50 (60.00-123.25) 0.136
≤104 49 (83%) 32 (97%) 17 (65%) 0.001
>104 10 (17%) 1 (3%) 9 (35%)
Procalcitonin, ng/mL <0.05 0.08 (0.04-0.31) 0.04 (0.03-0.07) 0.18 (0.08-1.37) 0.000
<0·05 18/55 (33%) 17/30 (57%) 1/25 (4%) 0.000
≥0·05 37/55 (67%) 13/30 (43%) 24/25 (96%)
High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP), mg/L <1 30.55 (4.33-124.28) 19.85 (1.93-34.05) 126.15 (27.68-188.43) 0.000
<3 14/58 (24%) 11/32 (34%) 3 (12%) 0.043
≥3 44/58 (76%) 21/32 (66%) 23 (88%)
IL-1β, pg/mL <5 5.00 (5.00-5.00) 5.00 (5.00-5.00) 5.00 (5.00-5.00) 0.245
IL-2R, U/L 223-710 645.00 (406.50-1068.00) 499.50 (337.25-734.25) 973.00 (602.00-1919.00) 0.000
IL-6, pg/mL <7 11.59 (2.34-57.00) 5.68 (1.83-29.56) 47.42 (8.64-167.20) 0.002
IL-8, pg/mL <62 14.40 (7.90-47.10) 11.20 (5.40-21.05) 34.10 (12.95-81.00) 0.001
IL-10, pg/mL <9.1 5.00 (5.00-7.20) 5.00 (5.00-5.00) 6.30 (5.00-19.45) 0.001
TNFα, pg/mL <8.1 9.20 (5.75-12.90) 7.65 (4.60-10.83) 11.80 (7.50-17.30) 0.021